familyPoaceae
subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Panicoideae
tribePoaceae tribe Paniceae
genusPanicum
subgenusPanicum subg. Panicum
sectionPanicum sect. Dichotomiflora
speciesPanicum dichotomiflorum
subspeciesPanicum dichotomiflorum subsp. dichotomiflorum

Panicum dichotomiflorum subsp. dichotomiflorum

Robert W. Freckmann, Michel G. Lelong
Common names: Panic d'automne dressé Panic à fleures dichotom
Synonyms: Panicum dichotomiflorum var. geniculatum
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 469.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Cindy Roché, Linda A. Vorobik

Copyright: Utah State University

Culms 5-200 cm. Sheaths glabrous or sparsely pilose, not hispid with papillose-based hairs. Pedicels usually less than 3 mm and shorter than the spikelets. Spikelets 2.3-3.8 mm, tapered from below the middle to the acuminate apices; upper glumes and lower lemmas subcoriaceous.

Discussion

Panicum dichotomiflorum subsp. dichotomiflorum is the most common of the three subspecies and is found throughout the range of the species. In the past, members of this subspecies have been treated as two different taxa, var. geniculatum (Alph. Wood) Fernald and var. dichotomiflorum, with more erect, slender plants having fewer long-exserted panicles with slender, ascending branches and less crowded spikelets being placed in var. dichotomiflorum. Such plants are more common in the southern part of the subspecies' range, but the traits are poorly correlated and the differences are at least in part affected by photoperiod, nighttime temperatures, and the time of seed germination.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number."-11-veined" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Panicum dichotomiflorum subsp. dichotomiflorum"
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2n chromosome quantity
54 +  and 36 +
Abaxial ligule presence
absent +
Abaxial ligule quantity
common +
Adaxial cell presence
absent +
Adaxial cell shape
bulliform +
Adaxial ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Adaxial ligule presence
absent +
Adaxial ligule texture
membranous +
Anther quantity
3 +
Apex architecture
gaping +
Apex architecture or shape
apiculate +
Apex pubescence
puberulent +
Apex shape
acuminate +
Arm cell presence
absent +
Arm cell quantity
anatomy +  and kranz +
Auricle presence
absent +
Author
Robert W. Freckmann +  and Michel G. Lelong +
Authority
Michx. +
Awn atypical quantity
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Awn orientation
arising +
Awn quantity
single +
Back shape
keeled +  and rounded +
Base architecture
sulcate +
Base architecture or shape
cormlike +
Base arrangement
divergent +  and parallel +
Base position
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
Base size
swelling +
Base texture
membranous +
Base width
thick +
Blade architecture
disarticulating +  and pseudopetiolate +
Blade architecture or arrangement
non-radiate +  and radiate +
Blade length
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (65 cm650 mm <br />0.65 m <br />) +
Blade position
adaxial +
Blade pubescence
pilose +  and glabrous +
Blade pubescence or relief
scabrous +
Blade quantity
4 +
Blade shape
filiform +  and ovate flat +
Blade width
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Branch architecture
naked +
Branch architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Branch arrangement
verticillate +, opposite +  and alternate +
Branch fragility
stiff +
Branch orientation
ascending;spreading +
Branch presence
absent +
Branch pubescence or relief
scabrous +
Branch reproduction
sterile +
Branch shape
spikelike +
Branch some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
Bristle presence
absent +
Bristle reproduction
sterile +
Callus development
not developed +
Caryopsis architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Caryopsis architecture or shape
cleft +
Caryopsis presence
absent +
Caryopsis shape
terete +  and compressed +
Cell architecture
thick-walled +
Cell arrangement
arranged +
Cell position relational
surrounded +
Cell quantity
2;6 +
Cilium length or size
sometimes longer +
Cilium some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Common name
Panic d'automne dressé +  and Panic à fleures dichotom +
Crest coloration
small green +
Cross-section quantity
4 (?) +
Culm architecture
rooting +
Culm architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Culm duration
annual +
Culm growth form
climbing +
Culm growth form or location
floating +
Culm growth form or orientation
decumbent +
Culm growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Culm height
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br />) +
Culm orientation
ascending +, decumbent +  and erect +
Culm shape
geniculate +
Culm some measurement
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br />) +
Culm texture
succulent +
Culm thickness
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Distal cell length or size
long +
Distal cell size or width
narrow +
Distribution
Conn. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, B.C. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Wash. +, Va. +, Mich. +, Del. +, Wis. +, W.Va. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Mass. +, Maine +, N.H. +, R.I. +, Vt. +, Fla. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, La. +, D.C. +, Ind. +, Tenn. +, N.C. +, S.C. +, Pa. +, Kans. +, Nebr. +, Okla. +, S.Dak. +, Nev. +, Puerto Rico +, Colo. +, Calif. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Ariz. +, Ga. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Utah +, Ill. +, Iowa +, Idaho +, Md. +, Miss. +  and Ky. +
Embryo quantity
1/2 +
Embryo shape
waisted +
Embryo size
large +
Endosperm texture
hard +
Filament shape
capillary +
Flap character
germination +
Floret architecture
pistillate +  and staminate +
Floret arrangement
adjacent +
Floret atypical quantity
3 +
Floret length or size
sometimes longer +
Floret palea development
well-developed +
Floret palea presence
absent +
Floret palea size
reduced +
Floret quantity
2 +
Floret reproduction
bisexual +
Floret shape
compressed +  and terete +
Floret size
plump +
Fusoid cell presence
absent +
Glume architecture or function or pubescence
glandular +
Glume architecture or shape
awned +
Glume growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Glume height or length or size
shorter +
Glume length or size
shorter or longer +
Glume position
subtending +
Glume pubescence
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Glume quantity
2 +
Glume relief
tuberculate +
Glume size
unequal +
Glume texture
membranous +
Glume variability
equal +
Granum development
well-developed +
Hair architecture
papillose-based +
Hair architecture or shape
awned +
Hair quantity
lacking +
Hair shape
uncinate +
Hilum arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Hilum coloration or relief
punctate +
Hilum shape
Oval (?) +  and Round (?) +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Utah State University +
Illustrator
Linda A. Vorobik +  and Cindy Roché +
Inflorescence architecture
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
Inflorescence position
axillary +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inner cell architecture
thick-walled +
Inner cell arrangement
arranged +
Inner cell position relational
surrounded +
Inner cell quantity
2;6 +
Inner outer sheath architecture
thick-walled +
Inner outer sheath arrangement
arranged +
Inner outer sheath position relational
surrounded +
Inner outer sheath quantity
2 (6) +
Inner outer thinner cell-wall architecture
thick-walled +
Inner outer thinner cell-wall arrangement
arranged +
Inner outer thinner cell-wall development
centripetal +
Inner outer thinner cell-wall position relational
surrounded +
Inner outer thinner cell-wall quantity
2 (6) +
Internode architecture
hollow +  and solid +
Internode coloration
pale green +  and purplish +
Internode length
elongated +
Internode pubescence
glabrous +
Internode reflectance
shiny +
Internode texture
spongy +
Layer presence
absent +
Leaf arrangement
distichous +
Leaf margin arrangement
Overlapping (?) +
Leaf position
cauline +
Lemma architecture or shape
awned +
Lemma coloration
hyaline +
Lemma texture
coriaceous +
Ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Ligule presence
absent +
Ligule some measurement
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Ligule texture
membranous +
Lodicule fusion
free +
Lodicule height or length or size
short +
Lodicule presence
absent +
Lodicule prominence
inconspicuous +
Lodicule pubescence
glabrous +
Lodicule quantity
2 +
Lodicule shape
cuneate +
Lodicule texture
fleshy +
Lower floret architecture
staminate +
Lower floret reproduction
sterile +
Lower floret size
reduced +
Lower glume architecture
0-3-veined +
Lower glume architecture or fixation
clasping +
Lower glume quantity
1/4 +  and 1/3 +
Lower glume shape
obtuse +  and acute +
Lower glume size
minute +
Lower glume some measurement
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br />) +
Lower node architecture
Simple (Divergently branched) +
Lower node pubescence
glabrous +
Lower node shape
compressed +
Lower node texture
succulent +
Lower palea coloration
hyaline +
Lower palea height or length or size
shorter +
Lower palea length or size
long +
Lower palea presence
absent +
Lower palea prominence
vestigial +
Lower palea texture
membranous +
Margin architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Margin arrangement
separated +
Margin coloration
hyaline +
Margin prominence or shape
flat +
Margin shape or vernation
involute +
Microhair presence
absent +
Midrib architecture
complex +  and simple +
Midrib coloration
whitish +
Midrib fragility or size
stout +
Node prominence
concealed +  and prominent +
Node pubescence
glabrous +
Node shape
swollen +
Node size
constricted +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other quantity
2 +  and 1 +
Ovary presence
absent +
Ovary pubescence
glabrous +
Palea architecture or fixation
clasping +
Palea shape
keeled +
Panicle architecture
open +
Panicle architecture or arrangement
lax +
Panicle condition or size
contracted +
Panicle density
diffuse +
Panicle location
subterranean +
Panicle shape
pyramidal +
Panicle some measurement
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
Panicle variability
varying +
Papilla architecture
simple +  and compound +
Papilla presence
absent +
Pedicel arrangement
divergent +
Pedicel fixation or orientation
appressed +
Pedicel fragility
stiff +
Pedicel height or length or size
shorter +
Pedicel orientation
subappressed +
Pedicel pubescence or relief
scabrous +
Pedicel quantity
1 +
Pedicel shape
3-angled +
Pedicel size
expanded +
Pedicel some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Pedicel width
widened +
Pericarp arrangement
separating +
Pericarp condition or texture
dry +
Pericarp texture
dry +  and fleshy +
Pericarp width
thin +
Plant fragility
robust +
Rachis prominence
evident +
Reference
None +
Rosette season
winter +
Scar shape
lunate +
Secondary branch presence
absent +
Secondary position
higher +
Sheath architecture
thick-walled +
Sheath character
anatomy +
Sheath condition
closed +
Sheath position relational
surrounded +
Sheath pubescence
not hispid +, pilose +  and glabrous +
Sheath quantity
1 (?) +
Sheath shape
inflated +  and compressed +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V25/V25 1257.xml +
Spike architecture
complex +
Spike arrangement
bisexual +
Spike reproduction
unisexual +
Spikelet architecture
sessile +
Spikelet arrangement
in triplets +  and paired +
Spikelet character
length +
Spikelet coloration
light green +  and red-purple +
Spikelet fixation
attached +
Spikelet length
0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br /> (0.38 cm3.8 mm <br />0.0038 m <br />) +
Spikelet presence
absent +
Spikelet pubescence
glabrous +
Spikelet quantity
few +
Spikelet reproduction
unisexual +  and bisexual +
Spikelet shape
tapered +
Spikelet size or width
narrow +
Spikelet some measurement
0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br /> (0.38 cm3.8 mm <br />0.0038 m <br />) +
Spikelet variability
equaling +
Spikelet width
0.7mm +  and 1.2mm +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Starch-grain architecture
compound +  and simple +
Stigma coloration
red +
Style-branch arrangement
close +
Style-branch atypical quantity
4 +  and 1 +
Style-branch fusion
fused +  and free +
Style-branch quantity
2 (?) +
Style quantity
2 +  and 3 +
Subsidiary-cell shape
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Synonyms
Panicum dichotomiflorum var. geniculatum +
Taxon family
Poaceae +
Taxon name
Panicum dichotomiflorum subsp. dichotomiflorum +
Taxon parent
Panicum dichotomiflorum +
Taxon rank
subspecies +
Throat architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Tissue coloration
hyaline +
Tissue texture
membranous +
Upper floret architecture
stipitate +  and sessile +
Upper floret architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Upper floret coloration
Stramineous (?) +
Upper floret length
0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
Upper floret pubescence
glabrous +
Upper floret reflectance
shiny +
Upper floret reproduction
bisexual +
Upper floret shape
ellipsoid +
Upper floret width
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.11 cm1.1 mm <br />0.0011 m <br />) +
Upper glume architecture
7-9-veined +
Upper glume height or length or size
shorter +
Upper glume length or size
much longer +
Upper glume presence
absent +
Upper glume size
subequal +
Upper glume size or length
shorter to much +
Upper glume texture
subcoriaceous +
Upper lemma architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Upper lemma pubescence
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Upper lemma reflectance
shiny +
Upper lemma relief
rugose +  and verrucose +
Upper lemma texture
chartaceous-indurate +  and rigid +
Upper lower lemma architecture
7-9-veined +
Upper lower lemma texture
subcoriaceous +
Upper palea coloration or pubescence or relief
striate +
Upper palea relief
rugose +
Vascular-bundle arrangement
separated +
Vein coloration
pale +
Vein presence
absent +
Vein prominence
prominent +
Vein quantity
2 (?) +
Vein size
major +
Volume
Volume 25 +
Whole-organism duration
perennial +
Whole-organism growth form or habitat
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
Whole-organism growth form or location
not floating +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism arrangement or pubescence
tufted +
Whole organism duration
short-lived +  and annual +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
Whole organism growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Whole organism quantity
3 (?) +
Whole organism reproduction
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +
Whole organism variability
variable +
X chromosome atypical quantity
14 +, 12 +  and 7 +
X chromosome quantity
9 +