apophysis and umbo; bracts included or exserted. Seeds winged; cotyledons 4–6. x =12. Boreal and cold north temperate areas, North America, Eurasia Species of
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Grout. 1928–1940. Moss Flora of North America, North of Mexico. 3 vols. in 12 parts. Newfane, Vt. and New York. Vol. 1, pp. 185–190. Williams, R. S. 1913b
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loose tufts or scattered, olive green to dark green. Stems 3–12 cm, erect, mostly simple. Leaves 5–9 mm, strongly crisped and contorted when dry, plane and
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occasionally shortly rostrate, occasionally not differentiated, 0.5–2.5 mm. Calyptra cucullate, 2.5–6 mm, smooth. Spores 13–30 (–50) µm, papillose, rarely densely
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thin-walled or very slightly thickened at apex; median sheath cells 45–90 × 12–15 µm, narrowly rectangular, thin-walled; cells of marginal lamina 10–15 ×
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spikes. Fertile spikelets 8-12 mm, subventricose, urceolate, with 2 fertile florets and 2-3 sterile florets; apical spikelets 4-5 mm, usually with 1 sterile
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Calyptra golden yellow to brownish, completely enveloping the capsule. Spores 5–8 (–12) µm. Generated Map Legacy Map Widely distributed in the North America,
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(0–) 3–4 lamellae longitudinally inserted on adaxial surface of costa, ca. 12 cells in height, occasionally lobed or branching, smooth or hollow-papillose
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blade transversely elongate, 25–30 × 12–18 µm, with a median strip of cells shorter and ± isodiametric. Seta 1–3.5 (–5) cm, brownish, straight to flexuose
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portion, subquadrate to either side. Seta (0.5–) 1.5–2.5 cm, reddish, often twisted below the capsule. Capsule 2–2.5 mm, ± asymmetric, suberect to inclined to
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filamentous or long-triangular, straight or weakly twisted, to 740 µm. Spores 9–12 µm. Distal laminal KOH reaction yellow or red-orange. Generated Map Legacy
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8–1 cm. Capsule 1.5–2.5 mm; peristome teeth 32, linear, twisted 1/2 to once, to 1300 µm, occasionally rudimentary or absent. Spores 9–12 µm. Distal laminal
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of North America Association Cells of mid-limb lamina (8–) 9–12 (–14) µm wide (mean 10.5 µm); cells of distal part of leaf-sheath with 1–6 papillae on
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cell-walls not or moderately thickened; median cells of sheath 8–12 µm wide, narrowly rectangular, 5–7 (–10):1; cells of marginal lamina subquadrate, 10–15 µm
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emarginate, piliferous; costa excurrent, with an abaxial epidermis, filaments 2–12 cells, cells cylindric, thin-walled, with 2–4 hollow papillae on apical cell
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all cells distal to the base roundedquadrate, occasionally slightly oblate, 12–20 (–25) µm, all cells firm, thick-walled, more thickened at the cell angles
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cells short-rectangular; cells of lamina 10–12 µm, subquadrate to irregular. Seta 1–3.5 cm, reddish. Capsule 2.5–4 mm, erect or nearly so, sometimes indistinctly
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20-92 cm tall, 1.5-2.5 mm thick, ascending to erect from a decumbent, branching base. Sheaths glabrous, keeled; ligules 4-9 mm; blades (2) 3-12 cm long, 4-8
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lanceolate; marginal lamina typically broad and often somewhat inflexed, 5–9 (–12) cells wide (to 20 cells wide in var. anomalum), plane to erect, sharply
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hyaline to yellowish; distal medial cells quadrate to rounded-hexagonal, 9–12 µm wide, 1: 1; papillae absent, cell-walls mostly evenly thickened, lumina
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