View source for Phoenix

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Phoenix
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1188. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 496. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Date palm;palmier dattier
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Dachel
|authority=Adanson
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Elate
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Palma
|authority=Miller
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Arecaceae;Arecaceae subfam. Coryphoideae;Arecaceae tribe Phoeniceae;Phoenix
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Arecaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Arecaceae subfam. Coryphoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Arecaceae tribe Phoeniceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Phoenix]]</div></div>
|etymology=derivation uncertain, perhaps for the Phoenicians, known for a dye that was similar in color to ripening dates; name used by Theophrastus for the date palm
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 110
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem architecture or arrangement or growth form;stem arrangement or growth form;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem size;leaf-base life cycle"><b>Stems </b>solitary or clustered, erect or ascending [subterranean], slender to massive, often clothed in old leaf-bases.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="sheath fiber pubescence or texture"><b>Leaves:</b> sheath fibers soft;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="split architecture">petiole not split at base, armed, base not split, not forming crownshaft;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="blade architecture or shape">blade pinnate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="plication arrangement">plication induplicate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="segment shape">segments lanceolate, in 1 or more planes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="apex shape">apices acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="basal segment development;spine fragility or size">basal segments modified into stout spines.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence orientation;inflorescence height or length or size;order quantity;plant architecture;plant variability;plant architecture;plant architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary within crown of leaves, paniculate, ascending, much shorter than leaves, with 1 order of branching, alike in staminate and pistillate plants;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="prophyll duration;prophyll prominence;prophyll shape;prophyll height or length or size">prophyll often caducous, conspicuous, becoming boatshaped, short;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="peduncular bract presence">peduncular bracts absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="rachilla pubescence">rachillae glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;rachilla arrangement"><b>Staminate </b>flowers borne singly along rachillae;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="calyx shape;calyx shape">calyx cupulate, 3-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal arrangement or dehiscence">petals 3, free, valvate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen fusion">stamens 6, free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pistillode prominence;pistillode presence">pistillode inconspicuous or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="flower architecture;rachilla arrangement"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers borne singly on rachillae;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="calyx shape;calyx shape">calyx cupulate, 3-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="petal quantity;petal arrangement;petal fusion">petals 3, imbricate, free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="staminodial ring shape;staminodial ring shape">staminodial ring cupulate or deeply 6-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil fusion">pistils 3 (only 1 developing), distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="stigma size">stigmas small.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="fruits drupe architecture or shape;fruits drupe texture"><b>Fruits </b>drupes, berrylike, fleshy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="exocarp coloration;exocarp architecture or pubescence or relief">exocarp blackish brown, smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="mesocarp texture;mesocarp texture">mesocarp fleshy or fibrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="endocarp texture">endocarp papery.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>1, elongate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s28" data-properties="endosperm variability">endosperm homogeneous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s29" data-properties="embryo position">embryo lateral [basal];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s30" data-properties="">eophyll undivided, lanceolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s31" data-properties="eophyll architecture or shape;eophyll shape">xn = 18.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=widespread;native to Eastern Hemisphere;including the Canary and Cape Verde iIslands;s Europe;Africa (including Madagascar);s Asia;and Philippines
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Several species of Phoenix are cultivated as ornamentals in Florida and California, although identification can be difficult since because the species are dioecious and apparently hybridize with great ease. Phoenix dactylifera Linnaeus, the date palm, is grown as a commercial crop in southern California and Arizona and as an ornamental palm in Florida, but it seems noninvasive. It can be recognized by its massive trunk (eventually bearing basal offshoots) and its stiff, ascending, glaucous leaves. In Florida, P. roebelenii O'Brien (pygmy date palm), with its solitary trunk less than 15 cm in diam., is also cultivated as an ornamental although it does not seem to escape. Other species of Phoenix are occasionally cultivated in warm parts of the United States. Elements of cultivated species of Phoenix entering the flora may be of uncertain parentage.</p><!--
--><p>Two species, Phoenix canariensis and P. reclinata, have escaped and are sporadically naturalized in southern Florida and, to a much lesser extent, in California. Phoenix dactylifera is reportedly naturalized in California (E. McClintock 1993), but I have seen no specimens.</p><!--
--><p>Species 137 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=austin1978c
|text=Austin, D. F. 1978. Exotic plants and their effects in southeastern Florida. Environm. Conservation 5: 25--34.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=barrow1998a
|text=Barrow, S. C. 1998. A monograph of Phoenix L. (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Kew Bull. 53: 513--545.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Trunk solitary, 55–70 cm diam
|[[Phoenix canariensis|Phoenix canariensis]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Trunks multiple, 10–15 cm diam
|[[Phoenix reclinata|Phoenix reclinata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Phoenix
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Dachel;Elate;Palma
|basionyms=
|family=Arecaceae
|distribution=widespread;native to Eastern Hemisphere;including the Canary and Cape Verde iIslands;s Europe;Africa (including Madagascar);s Asia;and Philippines
|introduced=true
|reference=austin1978c;barrow1998a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/62857cf6bca5c4637d27b113da92d27dbf9962f4/V22/V22_82.xml
|subfamily=Arecaceae subfam. Coryphoideae
|tribe=Arecaceae tribe Phoeniceae
|genus=Phoenix
|apex shape=acute
|basal segment development=modified
|blade architecture or shape=pinnate
|calyx shape=3-lobed;cupulate;3-lobed;cupulate
|embryo position=lateral
|endocarp texture=papery
|endosperm variability=homogeneous
|eophyll architecture or shape=undivided
|eophyll shape=lanceolate
|exocarp architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|exocarp coloration=blackish brown
|flower architecture=pistillate;staminate
|fruits drupe architecture or shape=berrylike
|fruits drupe texture=fleshy
|inflorescence arrangement=paniculate
|inflorescence height or length or size=much shorter
|inflorescence orientation=ascending
|inflorescence position=axillary
|leaf-base life cycle=old
|mesocarp texture=fibrous;fleshy
|order quantity=1
|peduncular bract presence=absent
|petal arrangement=imbricate
|petal arrangement or dehiscence=valvate
|petal fusion=free;free
|petal quantity=3;3
|pistil fusion=distinct
|pistil quantity=3
|pistillode presence=absent
|pistillode prominence=inconspicuous
|plant architecture=pistillate;staminate;branching
|plant variability=alike
|plication arrangement=induplicate
|prophyll duration=caducous
|prophyll height or length or size=short
|prophyll prominence=conspicuous
|prophyll shape=boat-shaped
|rachilla arrangement=singly;singly
|rachilla pubescence=glabrous
|seed quantity=1
|seed shape=elongate
|segment shape=lanceolate
|sheath fiber pubescence or texture=soft
|spine fragility or size=stout
|split architecture=armed
|stamen fusion=free
|stamen quantity=6
|staminodial ring shape=6-lobed;cupulate
|stem architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|stem arrangement or growth form=clustered
|stem orientation=ascending;erect
|stem size=slender;massive
|stigma size=small
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Arecaceae tribe Phoeniceae]]