View source for Acrocomia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Acrocomia
|accepted_authority=Martius
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Palm. Fam.
|place=22. 1824, in C. F. P. von Martius et al., Hist. Nat. P
}}
|common_names=Coyol;gru-gru
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Acanthococos
|authority=Barbosa Rodrigues
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Arecaceae;Arecaceae subfam. Arecoideae;Arecaceae tribe Cocoeae;Arecaceae (tribe Cocoeae) subtribe Bactridinae;Acrocomia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Arecaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Arecaceae subfam. Arecoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Arecaceae tribe Cocoeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Arecaceae (tribe Cocoeae) subtribe Bactridinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Acrocomia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek akron, summit, and kome, hairs of the head, in reference to the high crown of leaves; akrokomos, with leaves at the top, said especially of palms
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=page 123
|treatment_page=page 122
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem architecture or arrangement or growth form;stem fragility;stem architecture;stem pubescence;leaf-base duration"><b>Stems </b>solitary, robust, armed, covered with persistent leaf-bases or bare.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="petiole architecture;prickle architecture or shape"><b>Leaves:</b> petioles armed with needlelike prickles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="petiole margin architecture">petiole margins unarmed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="blade architecture or shape;blade architecture">blade pinnate, armed with prickles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="">plication reduplicate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="segment arrangement;apex shape">segments regularly arranged, apices acute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence orientation;inflorescence orientation;order quantity"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary within crown of leaves, paniculate, arching, becoming pendulous in fruit, with 1 order of branching;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="prophyll height or length or size">prophyll short;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="peduncular bract texture;peduncular bract architecture;peduncular bract architecture or dehiscence;peduncular bract course;peduncular bract orientation">peduncular bract woody, prickly, splitting abaxially, curling downward;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="rachis architecture">rachis armed with prickles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower quantity;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower quantity;flower architecture;distal portion architecture;distal portion arrangement;distal portion quantity;distal portion architecture;distal rachilla architecture;distal rachilla arrangement;distal rachilla quantity;distal rachilla architecture"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual, sessile, borne in triads of 1 pistillate flower flanked by 2 staminate flowers, staminate flowers borne singly along distal portions of rachillae.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture;sepal quantity;sepal fusion"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: sepals 3, free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;petal quantity;petal arrangement or dehiscence;petal texture;petal fusion;petal texture">petals 3, valvate, leathery, basally connate, leathery;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower architecture;stamen quantity;stamen fusion">stamens 6, free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower architecture;anther shape">anthers rectangular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="flower architecture;lobe quantity;lobe size">pistillode with 3 minute lobes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="flower architecture;sepal quantity;sepal arrangement;sepal fusion"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers: sepals 3, imbricate, free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="flower architecture;petal quantity;petal arrangement;petal fusion;petal fusion">petals 3, imbricate, basally connate or nearly free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="flower architecture;staminode development;anther height or length or size;anther reproduction">staminodes well developed, bearing short, sterile anthers;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="flower architecture;pistil quantity;pistil size;pistil pubescence">pistils 1, large, tomentose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="flower architecture;ovule quantity">ovules 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="flower architecture;style prominence">styles indistinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="flower architecture;stigma quantity">stigmas 3.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="fruits drupe shape"><b>Fruits </b>drupes, globose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="exocarp coloration;exocarp width;exocarp pubescence">exocarp brownish green, thin, pubescent near fruit apex [bristly];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="mesocarp texture;mesocarp coating">mesocarp fleshy, oily;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="endocarp width;endocarp texture;equatorial pore quantity;equatorial pore character">endocarp thick, bony, with 3 equatorial germination pores.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="seed architecture or course"><b>Seeds </b>irregular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s28" data-properties="endosperm variability">endosperm homogeneous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s29" data-properties="embryo position">embryo lateral;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s30" data-properties="">eophyll undivided [2-cleft], linear-lanceolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s31" data-properties="eophyll architecture or shape;eophyll shape">nx = 15.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mexico;West Indies;Central America;and South America
|discussion=<p>Although as many as 30 species of Acrocomia have been described, a recent study (A. Henderson et al. 1995) recognized only two, A. aculeata (Jacquin) Loddiges (including A. totai Martius) and A. hassleri (Barbosa Rodrigues) W. J. Hahn. I maintain A. aculeata and A. totai as two separate species, both of which are cultivated in Florida, where the latter species is naturalized. A general comparison of these two species was made by B. Peterson (1991) in which he noted that the eophyll of A. aculeata is 2-cleft and that of A. totai is undivided. He also found several subtle differences between these species when mature. For example, the trunk spines of A. totai are ca. 12–13 cm and those of A. aculeata are ca. 6–10 cm. Clearly, additional study is warranted to resolve the prickly systematic problems in this genus.</p><!--
--><p>Species 2–30 (1 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=peterson1991a
|text=Peterson, B. 1991. A comparison of some central Florida acrocomias. Centr. Florida Palm Bull. 11(1): 11--12.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=peterson1991b
|text=Peterson, B. 1991b. Acrocomia naturalized in central Florida. Principes 35: 110--111.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Acrocomia
|authority=Martius
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=Acanthococos
|basionyms=
|family=Arecaceae
|distribution=Mexico;West Indies;Central America;and South America
|reference=peterson1991a;peterson1991b
|publication title=Palm. Fam.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/62857cf6bca5c4637d27b113da92d27dbf9962f4/V22/V22_618.xml
|subfamily=Arecaceae subfam. Arecoideae
|tribe=Arecaceae tribe Cocoeae
|subtribe=Arecaceae (tribe Cocoeae) subtribe Bactridinae
|genus=Acrocomia
|anther height or length or size=short
|anther reproduction=sterile
|anther shape=rectangular
|apex shape=acute
|blade architecture=armed
|blade architecture or shape=pinnate
|distal portion architecture=staminate;staminate
|distal portion arrangement=singly
|distal portion quantity=2
|distal rachilla architecture=staminate;staminate
|distal rachilla arrangement=singly
|distal rachilla quantity=2
|embryo position=lateral
|endocarp texture=osseous
|endocarp width=thick
|endosperm variability=homogeneous
|eophyll architecture or shape=undivided
|eophyll shape=linear-lanceolate
|equatorial pore character=germination
|equatorial pore quantity=3
|exocarp coloration=brownish green
|exocarp pubescence=pubescent
|exocarp width=thin
|flower architecture=pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate;pistillate;sessile
|flower quantity=2;1
|flower reproduction=unisexual
|fruits drupe shape=globose
|inflorescence arrangement=paniculate
|inflorescence orientation=pendulous;arching
|inflorescence position=axillary
|leaf-base duration=persistent
|lobe quantity=3
|lobe size=minute
|mesocarp coating=oily
|mesocarp texture=fleshy
|order quantity=1
|ovule quantity=3
|peduncular bract architecture=prickly
|peduncular bract architecture or dehiscence=splitting
|peduncular bract course=curling
|peduncular bract orientation=downward
|peduncular bract texture=woody
|petal arrangement=imbricate
|petal arrangement or dehiscence=valvate
|petal fusion=free;connate;connate
|petal quantity=3;3
|petal texture=leathery;leathery
|petiole architecture=armed
|petiole margin architecture=unarmed
|pistil pubescence=tomentose
|pistil quantity=1
|pistil size=large
|prickle architecture or shape=needlelike
|prophyll height or length or size=short
|rachis architecture=armed
|seed architecture or course=irregular
|segment arrangement=arranged
|sepal arrangement=imbricate
|sepal fusion=free;free
|sepal quantity=3;3
|stamen fusion=free
|stamen quantity=6
|staminode development=developed
|stem architecture=armed
|stem architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|stem fragility=robust
|stem pubescence=bare
|stigma quantity=3
|style prominence=indistinct
}}<!--

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