View source for Agrimonia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Agrimonia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 448. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 206. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Agrimony;aigremoine
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Agrimonieae;Agrimonia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Agrimonieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Agrimonia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek Argemone from argemos, cataract of eye, alluding to supposed curative properties of plant for eye disease
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 19, 313
|treatment_page=page 312
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, 3–20 dm, self-compatible;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;root size;root texture;tuber size or width;tuber shape;tuber shape">rhizomatous, roots slender, fibrous, sometimes with thickened, ± fusiform or ± narrowly oblong tubers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation"><b>Stems </b>1–5, ascending to erect.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf duration;basal leaf duration;cauline leaf duration"><b>Leaves </b>persistent or basal deciduous and cauline persistent, cauline (see discussion);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule fusion;margin shape;margin shape;margin architecture or shape">stipules persistent, adnate to petiole, ± 1/2-ovate, margins dentate or deeply incised, rarely entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade shape;blade some measurement;blade growth form or texture;leaflet size;leaflet quantity;pair arrangement;minor leaflet quantity;leaflet blade size;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;margin prominence or shape;margin shape or architecture;margin shape;minor shape;minor shape;blade shape;blade shape;hair architecture;hair pubescence or texture;hair course;hair shape;hair atypical quantity;hair fragility;hair course;type quantity;type atypical quantity">blade ± narrowly obovate to ± narrowly elliptic, 1.5–22 cm, herbaceous, major leaflets 3–19, leaflets along rachis in ± opposite pairs, minor leaflet pairs between each major pair 0–5, number usually increasing distally along rachis, major leaflet blades ovate, lanceolate, elliptic, rhombic, and/or obovate, minor leaflet blades ovate, elliptic, or obovate, margins flat, serrate to dentate, rarely incised, or in minor leaflet blades entire or few-toothed, eglandular hairs of two types: (1) soft and either straight or wavy (surfaces pilose, pubescent, or villous), and (2) stiff and straight (surfaces hirsute);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="glandular-hair architecture;glandular-hair atypical quantity;glandular-hair architecture;glandular-hair reflectance;type quantity;type atypical quantity">glandular-hairs of two types: (1) short-stipitate, and (2) sessile, both ± glistening (indumentum description applies to all plant surfaces in Agrimonia).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal and often axillary, 9–120-flowered, simple or compound racemes (flexible);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="peduncle presence">peduncles present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="bract presence">bracts present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower diameter"><b>Flowers </b>5–10 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="hypanthium architecture;stipe height or length or size;stipe fusion;stipe orientation;fruit life cycle;fruit shape;fruit texture;fruit some measurement;fruit architecture;throat arrangement;disc shape;row quantity">hypanthium stipitate, very short stipe adnate to hypanthium above bracteoles, reflexed at maturity, fruit abscising at base of stipe, hemispheric to obconic, becoming indurate, 0.5–2 mm, sulcate, throat occluded by annular disc, bristles in 2–5 circumferential rows from rim;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal orientation;sepal shape;sepal some measurement">sepals 5, spreading, ± ovate, 1–3 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration;petal shape">petals 5, yellow, obovate to ± oval;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen height or length or size">stamens 5–15, shorter than petals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="carpel quantity">carpels 2, rarely more.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="fruits achene quantity;fruits achene shape;fruits achene some measurement"><b>Fruits </b>achenes, 1 (1 ovary aborts), (including hypanthia) top-shaped, 1–6.6 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="hypanthium duration">hypanthium persistent, enclosing achenes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal orientation;sepal arrangement">sepals persistent, erect, connivent, bristles erect to reflexed, hooked.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="bristle orientation;bristle shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Eurasia;s Africa;circumboreal
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 20 (7 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Characters useful in separating Agrimonia species exhibit sufficient overlap of expressions among species, as well as variation within species, to confound identification. A suite of two or more characters is necessary to identify unequivocally any Agrimonia species. Because mature reflexed fruits, which provide the most consistent identifying characters, are frequently absent from material under examination, the key first presents the most useful vegetative characters. Hypanthium shape, size, indumentum, number of circumferential bristle rows, and position of the proximal row should be assessed on fully reflexed mature fruits. When mature fruits are not present, the hypanthium indumentum and number of bristle rows may be useful. Mid cauline leaves were selected to measure stipule shape, major leaflet shape and number, and minor leaflet number for comparison among the species, because most of those leaf characters vary in some way along the stem of a plant. The number of minor, or smaller, leaflets on each side of the rachis between any two major, or larger, leaflets also varies, increasing distally. The number of leaflets in the distal interval (the maximum number per leaf) can help separate species, for example, A. gryposepala and A. rostellata. Species with flowers more or less subopposite along the inflorescence axis have flowering inflorescences that are more compact in appearance, especially in the flowering portion. Presence of tuberous roots can separate A. gryposepala from A. rostellata and is useful in confirming identification.</p><!--
--><p>Examining plant surfaces to determine the types of eglandular and glandular hairs is necessary and most accurately done with a 10× lens; frequently, glistening, sessile-glandular hairs can be seen with the naked eye. Despite the overlap in descriptions of the density of surface hairs (for example, sparsely versus scattered hirsute), these distinctions more completely describe the variation among species and between plant surfaces than merely describing them as hirsute.</p><!--
--><p>No basal leaves occur in North American species of Agrimonia; before dormancy, a short section of stem is produced; it has the appearance of a basal rosette. The stem continues to elongate from that section in the spring.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems with glistening glandular hairs (short-stipitate, sometimes also sessile) and ± hirsute
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems with glandular hairs sometimes glistening (short-stipitate and sessile) and pubescent to villous and hirsute
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescence axes ± ascending-hirsute (hairs 0.5–1 mm); minor leaflets 0–1(–2) pairs; roots with fusiform tubers; fruiting hypanthia hemispheric, 1–3.1 mm.
|[[Agrimonia rostellata|Agrimonia rostellata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescence axes hirsute (hairs 2 mm); minor leaflets 1–4, rarely 0–1, pairs; roots without tubers; fruiting hypanthia turbinate to broadly campanulate, rarely broadly obconic, 2.3–5.8 mm.
|[[Agrimonia gryposepala|Agrimonia gryposepala]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Abaxial leaflet surfaces (at 10\x) rarely glistening with sessile-glandular hairs
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Abaxial leaflet surfaces (at 10\x, often with naked eye) glistening with sessile-glandular hairs
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stem hairs 3–4 mm; mid cauline stipules deeply incised; minor leaflets 0 or 1 pair; fruiting hypanthia 2.2–4 × 3–4.6 mm, ridges rarely sparsely hirsute.
|[[Agrimonia microcarpa|Agrimonia microcarpa]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stem hairs 2–3 mm; mid cauline stipules dentate (but not deeply so); minor leaflets 1 or 1–3 pairs; fruiting hypanthia 1.9–4.5 × 2–4.6 mm, ridges sparsely hirsute.
|[[Agrimonia pubescens|Agrimonia pubescens]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Major leaflets 5–7 on mid cauline leaves; mid cauline stipules proximally dentate or entire.
|[[Agrimonia striata|Agrimonia striata]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Major leaflets 9–13 on mid cauline leaves; mid cauline stipules dentate
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Major leaflet blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, rarely narrowly rhombic, margins serrate to dentate, apices acuminate or long-acuminate, rarely acute; flowers usually ± subopposite.
|[[Agrimonia parviflora|Agrimonia parviflora]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Major leaflet blades ± obovate, margins incised, apices obtuse to acute; flowers usually ± alternate.
|[[Agrimonia incisa|Agrimonia incisa]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Agrimonia
|author=Genevieve J. Kline;Paul D. Sørensen
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Eurasia;s Africa;circumboreal
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V9/V9_509.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Agrimonieae
|genus=Agrimonia
|basal leaf duration=deciduous
|blade growth form or texture=herbaceous
|blade shape=few-toothed;entire;less narrowly obovate;more or less narrowly elliptic
|blade some measurement=1.5cm;22cm
|bract presence=absent
|bracteole presence=absent
|bristle orientation=erect;reflexed
|bristle shape=hooked
|carpel quantity=2
|cauline leaf duration=persistent
|disc shape=annular
|flower diameter=5mm;10mm
|fruit architecture=sulcate
|fruit life cycle=abscising
|fruit shape=hemispheric;obconic
|fruit some measurement=0.5mm;2mm
|fruit texture=indurate
|fruits achene quantity=1
|fruits achene shape=top--shaped
|fruits achene some measurement=1mm;6.6mm
|glandular-hair architecture=sessile;short-stipitate
|glandular-hair atypical quantity=2
|glandular-hair reflectance=glistening
|hair architecture=eglandular
|hair atypical quantity=2
|hair course=straight;straight
|hair fragility=stiff
|hair pubescence or texture=soft
|hair shape=wavy
|hypanthium architecture=stipitate
|hypanthium duration=persistent
|inflorescence architecture=compound;simple;9-120-flowered
|inflorescence position=axillary
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf duration=persistent
|leaflet blade shape=obovate;elliptic;obovate;elliptic;ovate;obovate;rhombic;obovate;rhombic;elliptic;lanceolate;ovate
|leaflet blade size=major
|leaflet quantity=3;19
|leaflet size=major
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin prominence or shape=flat
|margin shape=incised;incised;dentate
|margin shape or architecture=serrate to dentate
|minor leaflet quantity=0;5
|minor shape=few-toothed;entire
|pair arrangement=opposite
|pedicel presence=absent
|peduncle presence=absent
|petal coloration=yellow
|petal quantity=5
|petal shape=obovate;more or less oval
|petiole presence=absent
|root size=slender
|root texture=fibrous
|row quantity=2;5
|sepal arrangement=connivent
|sepal duration=persistent
|sepal orientation=erect;spreading
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal shape=ovate
|sepal some measurement=1mm;3mm
|stamen height or length or size=shorter
|stamen quantity=5;15
|stem orientation=ascending;erect
|stem quantity=1;5
|stipe fusion=adnate
|stipe height or length or size=short
|stipe orientation=reflexed
|stipule duration=persistent
|stipule fusion=adnate
|throat arrangement=occluded
|tuber shape=oblong;fusiform
|tuber size or width=thickened
|type atypical quantity=1;1
|type quantity=2;2
|whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism reproduction=self-compatible
|whole_organism some measurement=3dm;20dm
|x chromosome quantity=7
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Rosaceae tribe Agrimonieae]]