View source for Apera ← Apera You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Apera |accepted_authority=Adans. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Apera |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Apera]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 788 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism arrangement or pubescence;whole_organism growth form;culm architecture or arrangement or growth form">tufted or the culms solitary.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm orientation;culm shape;culm pubescence"><b>Culms </b>5-120 cm, erect or geniculate, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>mostly cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="sheath architecture;sheath shape">sheaths open, rounded to slightly keeled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="collar pubescence;midvein architecture">collars glabrous, midveins continuous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule shape;ligule architecture or relief">ligules membranous, often lacerate to erose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade pubescence">blades flat or weakly involute, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties=""><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal panicles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="branch orientation;branch arrangement">branches strongly ascending to divergent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="spikelet architecture;spikelet shape;floret quantity;distal floret presence;distal floret prominence"><b>Spikelets </b>pedicellate, slightly laterally compressed, with 1 floret, rarely more, distal florets, if present, vestigial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="floret prominence">rachillas prolonged beyond the base of the floret as a bristle, rarely terminating in a vestigial floret;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="rachilla length">disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the floret.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="glume size;glume shape;glume pubescence or relief"><b>Glumes </b>unequal, lanceolate, scabrous on the distal 1/2, unawned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="lower glume architecture">lower glumes 1-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="upper glume height or length or size;upper glume architecture;floret length or size;floret length or size">upper glumes slightly shorter than to slightly longer than the florets, 3-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="callus shape;callus pubescence;callus pubescence">calluses blunt, glabrous or sparsely hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="lemma fragility or texture;lemma shape;lemma architecture;marginal vein architecture;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape;awn position">lemmas firmer than the glumes, folded to nearly terete, obscurely 5-veined, marginal veins not excurrent, apices entire, awned, awns subterminal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="palea quantity;palea coloration;palea architecture;lemma variability">paleas about 3/4 as long as to equaling the lemmas, hyaline, 2-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="lodicule quantity;lodicule fusion;lodicule pubescence;lodicule shape">lodicules 2, free, glabrous, usually toothed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="ovary pubescence">ovaries glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="caryopse height or length or size;caryopse prominence;caryopse shape;caryopse architecture"><b>Caryopses </b>shorter than the lemmas, concealed at maturity, 1.2-2 mm, ellipsoidal, slightly sulcate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="">hila broadly ovate, 1/5 the length of the caryopses.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="hilum shape;hilum quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Wyo.;N.Mex.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Ohio;Pa.;B.C.;Ont.;Mass.;Maine;Nev.;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Oreg.;Vt.;Ill.;Ind.;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Tex.;Utah;Mo.;Mich.;Ky. |discussion=<p>Apera is genus of three species, native to Europe and western Asia. It is similar to Agrostis. It differs in its firm lemmas; paleas that are always present and equal to the lemma, or nearly so; and prolonged rachillas. In North America, two species have been introduced, growing as weeds in lawns and disturbed ground, and in grain fields.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=warwick1987a |text=Warwick, S.I., B.K. Thompson, and L.D. Black. 1987. Genetic variation in Canadian and European populations of the colonizing weed species Apera spica-venti. New Phytol. 106:301-317. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Anthers 0.3-0.5 mm long; panicles contracted, 0.4-3 cm wide; most branches spikelet-bearing to within 2 mm of the base |[[Apera interrupta|Apera interrupta]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Anthers 1-2 mm long; panicles pyramidal, 2-15 cm wide; branches naked at the base for 5 mm or more |[[Apera spica-venti|Apera spica-venti]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Apera |author=Kelly W. Allred; |authority=Adans. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Wyo.;N.Mex.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Ohio;Pa.;B.C.;Ont.;Mass.;Maine;Nev.;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Oreg.;Vt.;Ill.;Ind.;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Tex.;Utah;Mo.;Mich.;Ky. |reference=warwick1987a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_1123.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae |genus=Apera |anther quantity=3 |apex architecture or shape=awned;entire |auricle presence=absent |awn position=subterminal |blade pubescence=glabrous |blade shape=involute;flat |branch arrangement=divergent |branch orientation=ascending |callus pubescence=hairy;glabrous |callus shape=blunt |caryopse architecture=sulcate |caryopse height or length or size=shorter |caryopse prominence=concealed |caryopse shape=ellipsoidal |collar pubescence=glabrous |culm architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |culm orientation=erect |culm pubescence=glabrous |culm shape=geniculate |culm some measurement=5cm;120cm |distal floret presence=absent |distal floret prominence=vestigial |floret length or size=longer;longer |floret prominence=vestigial |floret quantity=1 |glume pubescence or relief=scabrous |glume shape=lanceolate |glume size=unequal |hilum quantity=1/5 |hilum shape=ovate |leaf position=cauline |lemma architecture=5-veined |lemma fragility or texture=firmer |lemma shape=folded;nearly terete |lemma variability=equaling |ligule architecture or relief=erose |ligule shape=lacerate |ligule texture=membranous |lodicule fusion=free |lodicule pubescence=glabrous |lodicule quantity=2 |lodicule shape=toothed |lower glume architecture=1-veined |marginal vein architecture=not excurrent |midvein architecture=continuous |ovary pubescence=glabrous |palea architecture=2-veined |palea coloration=hyaline |palea quantity=3/4 |rachilla length=prolonged |sheath architecture=open |sheath shape=rounded;slightly keeled |spikelet architecture=pedicellate |spikelet shape=compressed |upper glume architecture=3-veined |upper glume height or length or size=slightly shorter than to slightly longer than the florets |whole_organism arrangement or pubescence=tufted |whole_organism duration=annual |whole_organism growth form=plant |x chromosome quantity=7 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Apera.