View source for Aphanes ← Aphanes You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Aphanes |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=1: 123. 1753 |year=1753 }}, {{Treatment/Publication |title=Gen. Pl. ed. |place=5, 59. 1754 |year=1754 }} |common_names=Parsley-piert |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae;Aphanes |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Aphanes]]</div></div> |etymology=Greek aphanes, unseen, invisible, alluding to inconspicuous nature of plants and/or flowers |volume=Volume 9 |mention_page=page 119, 120, 274, 303, 310 |treatment_page=page 309 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual, prostrate to ascending, 0.1–3 dm, soft-hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">taprooted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation"><b>Stems </b>1–10+, erect, ascending, or spreading.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf duration;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>not persistent, cauline, alternate, simple (deeply lobed);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule fusion;stipule fusion;stipule shape;stipule shape;margin shape">stipules persistent, free or distally adnate to petiole, asymmetric, ± orbicular to ovate, margins lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole presence;petiole height or length or size">petiole present, short;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade shape;blade some measurement;blade growth form or texture;blade shape;segment atypical quantity;segment quantity;segment shape;margin prominence or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape">blade cuneate, 0.2–1 cm, herbaceous, deeply divided into 2–3 (–5) segments, each segment (1–) 2–3 (–6) -lobed, margins flat, entire, venation pinnate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture;cyme architecture;cyme prominence"><b>Inflorescences </b>lateral, 4–12-flowered, condensed cymes, often hidden by stipules;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bract presence">bracts absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower diameter"><b>Flowers </b>0.7–1.1 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="epicalyx bractlet atypical quantity;epicalyx bractlet quantity">epicalyx bractlets (0–) 4;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="hypanthium shape;hypanthium some measurement">hypanthium subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid, 0.7–2 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal arrangement;sepal arrangement;sepal shape">sepals 4, connivent or erect to spreading, ovate to narrowly triangular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="petal presence">petals 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 1 (or 2);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="torus presence;torus size">torus absent or reduced;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="carpel quantity;carpel pubescence;style position;stigma architecture or shape">carpel 1, hairy, styles basal, stigmas capitate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovule 1.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="fruits achene quantity;fruits achene shape;fruits achene some measurement"><b>Fruits </b>achenes, 1, narrowly ovoid, 0.8–2.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="hypanthium duration">hypanthium persistent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal orientation">sepals persistent, erect;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="">styles deciduous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="style duration;x chromosome quantity">x = 8.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;nw Mexico;Eurasia;n Africa;in s South America;Pacific Islands;Australia |discussion=<p>Species ca. 20 (3 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>On the basis of molecular studies, R. Gehrke et al. (2008) have suggested that Aphanes and the Central America and South American Lachemilla (Focke) Rydberg should be included in a more broadly circumscribed Alchemilla. Both Aphanes and Lachemilla were shown to be monophyletic groups as is Alchemilla, apart from the African species currently placed in that genus; these form a clade separate from Alchemilla as represented in North America and Eurasia. The African species deserve more thorough investigation before such a morphologically distinct genus as Aphanes is abandoned.</p><!-- --><p>The highly reduced nature of plants of Aphanes, coupled with their high dispersibility, complicates circumscription of species in the genus. The most recent treatments recognize a number of endemic species in South America, Europe, and North Africa, particularly in regions with Mediterranean climates. The extent to which these, and those recognizable in western North America, represent native radiations versus multiple introductions remains to be determined.</p><!-- --><p>Measurements of flowers apply collectively to the length of the hypanthium and calyx measured in fruit.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Flowers 1.5–2.5 mm in fruit, sepals ± spreading to erect; leaf blades 4–10 mm; petioles free from stipules in proximal and distal leaves; stems 2–20(–30) cm; at least some hairs more than 1 mm; most stipule lobes on distal nodes ± triangular, 1–2(–4) times as long as wide. |[[Aphanes arvensis|Aphanes arvensis]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Flowers 1–1.5 mm in fruit, sepals connivent to spreading; leaf blades 2–5 mm; petioles adnate to stipules in distal leaves; stems 1–10(–22) cm; hairs less than 1 mm; most stipule lobes on distal nodes oblong or ovate, usually 2/3–1 times as long as wide |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Inflorescences dense, flowers tending to remain hidden; pedicels usually less than 1 mm; sepals 0.2 mm, connivent; epicalyx bractlets minute (less than 0.1 mm) or absent; stipules overlapping, lobes oblong, almost equal to undivided portion; leaf blades 5 mm, divided into 3 segments. |[[Aphanes australis|Aphanes australis]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Inflorescences open, flowers tending to become exposed; pedicels to 2 mm; sepals 0.2–0.6 mm, connivent to spreading; epicalyx bractlets 0–0.5 mm; stipules overlapping only distally, lobes ovate, 2/3–1 times undivided portion; leaf blades 2–5 mm, 4–6-lobed. |[[Aphanes occidentalis|Aphanes occidentalis]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Aphanes |author=John McNeill;Barbara Ertter |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Rosaceae |distribution=North America;nw Mexico;Eurasia;n Africa;in s South America;Pacific Islands;Australia |reference=None |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. |publication year=1753;1754 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V9/V9_504.xml |subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae |tribe=Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae |genus=Aphanes |blade growth form or texture=herbaceous |blade shape=divided;cuneate |blade some measurement=0.2cm;1cm |bract presence=absent |bracteole presence=absent |carpel pubescence=hairy |carpel quantity=1 |cauline leaf architecture=simple |cauline leaf arrangement=alternate |cyme architecture=condensed |cyme prominence=hidden |epicalyx bractlet atypical quantity=0;4 |epicalyx bractlet quantity=4 |flower diameter=0.7mm;1.1mm |fruits achene quantity=1 |fruits achene shape=ovoid |fruits achene some measurement=0.8mm;2.5mm |hypanthium duration=persistent |hypanthium shape=subglobose;ellipsoid or ovoid |hypanthium some measurement=0.7mm;2mm |inflorescence architecture=4-12-flowered |inflorescence position=lateral |leaf duration=not persistent |margin architecture or shape=pinnate;entire |margin prominence or shape=flat |margin shape=lobed |ovule quantity=1 |pedicel presence=absent |petal presence=absent |petiole height or length or size=short |petiole presence=absent |segment atypical quantity=3;5 |segment quantity=2;3 |segment shape=(1-)2-3(-6)-lobed |sepal arrangement=erect to spreading;connivent |sepal duration=persistent |sepal orientation=erect |sepal quantity=4 |sepal shape=ovate;narrowly triangular |stamen quantity=1 |stem orientation=spreading;ascending;spreading;ascending;erect |stem quantity=1;10 |stigma architecture or shape=capitate |stipule duration=persistent |stipule fusion=adnate;free |stipule shape=less orbicular;ovate |style duration=deciduous |style position=basal |torus presence=absent |torus size=reduced |whole_organism architecture=taprooted |whole_organism duration=annual |whole_organism growth form=herb |whole_organism orientation=prostrate;ascending |whole_organism pubescence=soft-hairy |whole_organism some measurement=0.1dm;3dm |x chromosome quantity=8 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Rosaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Aphanes.