View source for Arabis ← Arabis You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Arabis |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=2: 664. 1753 |year=1753 }}, {{Treatment/Publication |title=Gen. Pl. ed. |place=5, 298. 1754 |year=1754 }} |common_names=Rockcress |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Arabideae;Arabis |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Arabideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Arabis]]</div></div> |etymology=Latin Arabia |volume=Volume 7 |mention_page=page 226, 234, 242, 258, 264, 348, 349, 449, 450, 492, 561, 720 |treatment_page=page 257 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration"><b>Annuals,</b> biennials, or perennials;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="">(sometimes stoloniferous with vegetative rosettes, or caudex simple or branched);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="">not scapose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="whole-organism architecture;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism duration;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism duration;trichome architecture;trichome arrangement or shape;trichome arrangement;one quantity;one architecture;one shape">often pubescent or hirsute, sometimes glabrous or glabrate, trichomes stalked, stellate, sometimes mixed with fewer, simple or forked ones.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched distally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="basal leaf arrangement;basal leaf architecture;basal leaf architecture;blade margin architecture or shape;blade margin architecture or shape;blade margin architecture or shape">basal rosulate, petiolate or sessile, blade margins usually entire or dentate to denticulate, rarely lyrate-pinnatifid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="cauline leaf architecture;cauline leaf architecture;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape">cauline usually sessile, rarely shortly petiolate, blade (base often auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul), margins entire or dentate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties=""><b>Racemes </b>(sometimes paniculate, usually simple, sometimes branched).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="raceme orientation;raceme orientation;raceme arrangement;raceme size"><b>Fruiting </b>pedicels erect, ascending, or divaricate, (not reflexed or secund), slender.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal orientation;sepal orientation;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal position;sepal architecture or shape;sepal architecture or shape"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals erect or ascending, ovate or oblong, lateral pair saccate or not basally, (margins membranous);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;claw variability">petals white, pink, or purple, usually spatulate, oblong, or oblanceolate, rarely obovate, claw differentiated from blade, (shorter than sepals, apex obtuse or rounded);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen architecture">stamens tetradynamous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="filament shape">filaments usually not dilated basally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="anther shape;anther shape;anther shape;anther shape;anther shape">anthers ovate, oblong, or linear, (apex obtuse);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="nectar gland arrangement;lateral gland shape;lateral gland shape;median gland presence">nectar glands confluent, subtending bases of stamens, lateral glands semiannular or annular, median glands rarely absent, (sometimes toothlike and distinct).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="fruits silique architecture;fruits silique architecture;fruits silique arrangement or course or shape;fruits silique architecture or pubescence or relief;fruits silique shape;fruits silique shape;fruits silique architecture"><b>Fruits </b>siliques, usually sessile, rarely shortly stipitate, linear, smooth or torulose, (usually straight, sometimes slightly curved), flattened, latiseptate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="valve pubescence;midvein prominence;midvein prominence">valves (papery), each with obscure or prominent midvein, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="replum shape">replum (visible), rounded;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="septum architecture">septum complete, (membranous, translucent, veinless);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="ovule atypical quantity;ovule quantity">ovules 10–86 [–110] per ovary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="style prominence;style fusion">style obsolete or distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="stigma architecture or shape">stigma capitate, (sometimes slightly 2-lobed).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="seed architecture or arrangement;seed shape;seed architecture;seed architecture;seed shape;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>uniseriate, flattened, winged or margined, oblong or orbicular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="seed-coat coating">seed-coat (smooth or minutely reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="">cotyledons accumbent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="cotyledon arrangement;x chromosome quantity">x = 8.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;Europe;Asia;n;alpine;c;e Africa |discussion=<p>Species ca. 70 (15 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>As treated by most North American authors (e.g., M. Hopkins 1937; R. C. Rollins 1941, 1993; G. A. Mulligan 1996), Arabis was so broadly delimited that it included species presently assigned to six genera in five tribes (I. A. Al-Shehbaz et al. 2006). These are: Arabidopsis and Turritis (Camelineae), Arabis (Arabideae), Boechera (Boechereae), Pennellia (Halimolobeae), and Streptanthus (Thelypodieae) (see Al-Shehbaz 2003b; M. D. Windham and Al-Shehbaz 2006, 2007).</p><!-- --><p>R. C. Rollins (1993) recognized 80 species of Arabis in North America, of which 24 were divided into 40 varieties. By contrast, G. A. Mulligan (1996) recognized 30 species and six varieties in Canada alone. The combination of characteristics that they used to circumscribe the genus (e.g., linear and latiseptate fruits, accumbent cotyledons, and often branched trichomes) evolved repeatedly in Brassicaceae and cannot be relied on in the delimitation of genera (O. Appel and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2003). The vast majority of North American species have been transferred to Boechera (x = 7), a genus distinct morphologically, cytologically, and molecularly (Al-Shehbaz 2003b; M. D. Windham and Al-Shehbaz 2006, 2007, 2007b). As currently circumscribed, Arabis (x = 8) is a primarily Eurasian genus with only 15 species in North America.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=hopkins1937a |text=Hopkins, M. 1937. Arabis in eastern and central North America. Rhodora 39: 63–98, 106–148, 155–186. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=mulligan1996a |text=Mulligan, G. A. 1996. Synopsis of the genus Arabis (Brassicaceae) in Canada, Alaska and Greenland. Rhodora 97: 109–163. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=rollins1936a |text=Rollins, R. C. 1936. The genus Arabis in the Pacific Northwest. Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 4: 1–52. 1936. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=rollins1941b |text=Rollins, R. C. 1941. A monographic study of Arabis in western North America. Rhodora 43: 289–325, 348–411, 425–485. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Cauline leaves: blade bases auriculate, subcordate, amplexicaul or subamplexicaul |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Cauline leaves: blade bases not auriculate or amplexicaul, sometimes cuneate |[[#key-0-7| > 7]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Perennials, stoloniferous; lateral sepals conspicuously saccate basally; fruits ascending to spreading |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Biennials or perennials, not stoloniferous; lateral sepals not or slightly saccate basally, or not conspicuously so; fruits erect, erect-ascending, or nearly so (except A. patens) |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Petals 5-8(-9) × 2-3.5 mm; fruits 1.7-3.5(-4) cm; basal leaves: blade trichomes stellate with simple rays; sepals 2.5-4(-4.7) mm. |[[Arabis alpina|Arabis alpina]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Petals 10-19 × 4-8 mm; fruits (3-)4-7 cm; basal leaves: blade trichomes stellate with some rays branched; sepals 4.5-8 mm. |[[Arabis caucasica|Arabis caucasica]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Fruits divaricate to erect-ascending (not appressed to rachises); ovules 16-28 per ovary. |[[Arabis patens|Arabis patens]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Fruits usually erect, rarely erect-ascending (often appressed to rachises); ovules 38-86 per ovary |[[#key-0-5| > 5]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Fruits 0.7-0.8 mm wide; petals 6-9 mm; basal leaf blades: abaxial surface with predominantly subsessile, stellate trichomes; Alabama, Georgia. |[[Arabis georgiana|Arabis georgiana]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Fruits 0.8-1.8(-2) mm wide; petals 3.5-5(-5.5) mm (longer in A. eschscholtziana); basal leaf blades: abaxial surface usually with mix of simple, forked, and stalked, stellate trichomes, rarely subglabrate; not Alabama, not Georgia |[[#key-0-6| > 6]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Petals 3.5-5(-5.5) mm; lateral sepals not saccate basally; fruits 0.8-1 (-1.2)mm wide; cauline leaves (7-)10-45(-61), overlapping or not. |[[Arabis pycnocarpa|Arabis pycnocarpa]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Petals (5.5-)6.5-9(-10) mm; lateral sepals saccate basally; fruits 1.2-1.8(-2) mm wide; cauline leaves (2-)4-12(-18), not overlapping or rarely so. |[[Arabis eschscholtziana|Arabis eschscholtziana]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Petals white, 3.5-11 mm |[[#key-0-8| > 8]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Petals purple or pink, 8-18(-20) mm |[[#key-0-11| > 11]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Trichomes of basal leaf blades short-stalked, stellate. |[[Arabis crucisetosa|Arabis crucisetosa]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Trichomes of basal leaf blades simple and forked, or only simple |[[#key-0-9| > 9]] |-id=key-0-9 |9 |Fruits and fruiting pedicels erect, (sub)appressed to rachises; petals 3.5-4 mm. |[[Arabis olympica|Arabis olympica]] |-id=key-0-9 |9 |Fruits and fruiting pedicels ascending to divaricate or suberect, not appressed to rachises; petals (5-)6-11 mm |[[#key-0-10| > 10]] |-id=key-0-10 |10 |Fruits 1.7-2.2 mm wide; seeds winged, (1.5-)1.8-2.5(-3) mm; petals 7-11. |[[Arabis furcata|Arabis furcata]] |-id=key-0-10 |10 |Fruits 0.8-1.2(-1.5) mm wide; seeds not winged, 0.6-1.2(-1.5) mm; petals (5-)6-8 mm. |[[Arabis nuttallii|Arabis nuttallii]] |-id=key-0-11 |11 |Basal leaf blades: surfaces with short-stalked, stellate trichomes. |[[Arabis modesta|Arabis modesta]] |-id=key-0-11 |11 |Basal leaf blades: surfaces with simple, forked, and sometimes 2-, 3-, or 4-rayed trichomes, or, rarely, with fewer, stellate ones |[[#key-0-12| > 12]] |-id=key-0-12 |12 |Seeds orbicular or nearly so, 2-2.5 mm diam.; fruits 2-3 mm wide. |[[Arabis blepharophylla|Arabis blepharophylla]] |-id=key-0-12 |12 |Seeds oblong, 1-1.3 mm wide; fruits 1.5-2 mm wide |[[#key-0-13| > 13]] |-id=key-0-13 |13 |Plants glabrous or with simple trichomes (terminating teeth of basal leaf blades); simple trichomes not bulbous-based; fruits 2-4 cm. |[[Arabis mcdonaldiana|Arabis mcdonaldiana]] |-id=key-0-13 |13 |Plants moderately pubescent with simple and forked trichomes; simple trichomes often bulbous-based; fruits (3-)3.5-6.5 cm |[[#key-0-14| > 14]] |-id=key-0-14 |14 |Plants with at least some 3-rayed, stellate trichomes; cauline leaves 1-3(-6) cm; fruits slightly torulose. |[[Arabis oregana|Arabis oregana]] |-id=key-0-14 |14 |Plants without 3-rayed, stellate trichomes; cauline leaves 0.4-1(-1.5) cm; fruits not torulose. |[[Arabis aculeolata|Arabis aculeolata]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Arabis |author=Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Brassicaceae |distribution=North America;Europe;Asia;n;alpine;c;e Africa |reference=hopkins1937a;mulligan1996a;rollins1936a;rollins1941b |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. |publication year=1753;1754 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V7/V7_338.xml |tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Arabideae |genus=Arabis |anther shape=linear;oblong;linear;oblong;ovate |basal leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate |basal leaf arrangement=rosulate |blade margin architecture or shape=lyrate-pinnatifid;dentate to denticulate;entire |cauline leaf architecture=petiolate;sessile |claw variability=differentiated |cotyledon arrangement=accumbent |filament shape=dilated |fruits silique architecture=latiseptate;stipitate;sessile |fruits silique architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |fruits silique arrangement or course or shape=linear |fruits silique shape=flattened;torulose |lateral gland shape=annular;semiannular |leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate |leaf position=cauline;basal |margin architecture or shape=dentate;entire |median gland presence=absent |midvein prominence=prominent;obscure |nectar gland arrangement=confluent |one architecture=simple |one quantity=fewer |one shape=forked |ovule atypical quantity=86;110 |ovule quantity=10;86 |petal coloration=purple;pink;purple;pink;white |petal shape=obovate;oblanceolate;oblong;oblanceolate;oblong;spatulate |raceme arrangement=divaricate |raceme orientation=ascending;erect |raceme size=slender |replum shape=rounded |seed architecture=margined;winged |seed architecture or arrangement=uniseriate |seed shape=orbicular;oblong;flattened |seed-coat coating=mucilaginous |sepal architecture or shape=not basally;saccate |sepal orientation=ascending;erect |sepal position=lateral |sepal shape=oblong;ovate |septum architecture=complete |stamen architecture=tetradynamous |stem architecture=branched;unbranched |stem orientation=decumbent;ascending;decumbent;ascending;erect |stigma architecture or shape=capitate |style fusion=distinct |style prominence=obsolete |trichome architecture=stalked |trichome arrangement=mixed |trichome arrangement or shape=stellate |valve pubescence=glabrous |whole-organism architecture=not scapose;not scapose |whole-organism duration=perennial;biennial;annual |whole-organism pubescence=hirsute;pubescent;glabrate;glabrous;hirsute;pubescent |x chromosome quantity=8 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Brassicaceae tribe Arabideae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Brassicaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Arabis.