View source for Arisaema

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Arisaema
|accepted_authority=Martius
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Flora
|place=14: 459. 1831
|year=1831
}}
|common_names=Jack-in-the-pulpit
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Muricauda
|authority=Small
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Araceae;Arisaema
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Araceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Arisaema]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek aris, plant name used by Pliny, and haima, blood, in reference to the red-spotted leaves of some species
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form or habitat;whole_organism growth form or habitat;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> terrestrial or wetland.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="corm shape"><b>Corms </b>[rhizomes] nearly globose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf atypical quantity;leaf quantity;leaf orientation"><b>Leaves </b>usually appearing with flowers, 1–2 (–3), erect;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole length or size">petiole longer than blade;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade size;blade coloration;blade pubescence;blade shape;blade architecture;leaflet shape;base shape;apex shape">blade medium to dark green, sometimes glaucous adaxially, palmately or pedately [radiately] divided, not peltate, leaflet elliptic to broadly ovate or oblanceolate, base rounded to obtuse or attenuate, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaflet lateral-vein architecture or shape">primary lateral-veins of each leaflet pinnate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="peduncle orientation;peduncle variability;apex shape"><b>Inflorescences:</b> peduncle erect, nearly equal to leaves [to very short], apex not swollen;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="spathe coloration;spathe coloration;distal part architecture;tip life cycle;tip quantity">spathe variously colored or striped, distal part open at maturity, exposing tip to 1/2 or more of spadix appendage;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="spadix shape;appendage variability;appendage shape">spadix ± cylindric, surmounted by sterile appendage of variable shape.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same or different spadix;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture or arrangement">pistillate flowers congested;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture;flower arrangement;flower position or shape;flower architecture;flower presence">staminate flowers usually scattered, distal to pistillate flowers when both present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="perianth presence">perianth absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="fruit coloration;fruit coloration"><b>Fruits </b>not embedded in spadix, glossy orange to bright red.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed quantity"><b>Seeds </b>1–6, mucilage sometimes present (not present in Arisaema triphyllum).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="mucilage presence;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 13, 14.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly temperate Asia;also North America;Mexico;and Africa
|discussion=<p>The phenomenon of sex changing in Arisaema has been investigated by many authors (e.g., P. Bierzychudek 1982; K. Clay 1993; E. Kinoshita 1986). Smaller plants produce only staminate flowers, and larger plants produce either staminate and pistillate flowers simultaneously or pistillate flowers only. Changes in gender expression are directly correlated with size and are also influenced by the environment in which the plants are growing. Reversions in phenotypic gender have been experimentally induced by such factors as removing leaf area or changing soil nutrient levels.</p><!--
--><p>Although some species are cultivated as ornamentals, the genus is not of great economic importance.</p><!--
--><p>Species ca. 170 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=huttleston1953a
|text=Huttleston, D. G. 1953. A Taxonomic Study of the Temperate North American Araceae. Ph.D. dissertation. Cornell University.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=murata1990a
|text=Murata, J. 1990. Present status of Arisaema systematics. Bot. Mag. 103: 371--382.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=treiber1980a
|text=Treiber, M. 1980. Biosystematics of the Arisaema triphyllum Complex. Ph.D. dissertation. University of North Carolina.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaflets 3(–5); spadix blunt apically, shorter than spathe.
|[[Arisaema triphyllum|Arisaema triphyllum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaflets (5–)7–13(–21); spadix tapering apically, longer than spathe.
|[[Arisaema dracontium|Arisaema dracontium]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Arisaema
|authority=Martius
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Muricauda
|basionyms=
|family=Araceae
|distribution=Mostly temperate Asia;also North America;Mexico;and Africa
|reference=huttleston1953a;murata1990a;treiber1980a
|publication title=Flora
|publication year=1831
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/62857cf6bca5c4637d27b113da92d27dbf9962f4/V22/V22_546.xml
|genus=Arisaema
|apex shape=not swollen;acute;acuminate
|appendage shape=sterile
|appendage variability=variable
|base shape=rounded;obtuse or attenuate
|blade architecture=not peltate
|blade coloration=dark green
|blade pubescence=glaucous
|blade shape=divided
|blade size=medium
|corm shape=globose
|distal part architecture=open
|flower architecture=pistillate;staminate;pistillate;pistillate;staminate
|flower architecture or arrangement=congested
|flower arrangement=scattered
|flower position or shape=distal
|flower presence=absent
|flower reproduction=unisexual
|fruit coloration=orange;bright red
|leaf atypical quantity=2;3
|leaf orientation=erect
|leaf quantity=1;2
|leaflet lateral-vein architecture or shape=pinnate
|leaflet shape=elliptic;broadly ovate or oblanceolate
|mucilage presence=absent
|peduncle orientation=erect
|peduncle variability=equal
|perianth presence=absent
|petiole length or size=longer
|seed quantity=1;6
|spadix shape=cylindric
|spathe coloration=striped;colored
|tip life cycle=maturity
|tip quantity=0;1/2
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism growth form or habitat=wetland;terrestrial
|x chromosome quantity=14;13
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Araceae]]