View source for Asplenium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Asplenium
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1078. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 485, 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Spleenwort
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Aspleniaceae;Asplenium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Aspleniaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Asplenium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek splen, spleen; thought by Dioscorides to be useful for treating spleen diseases
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="root texture;root reproduction;root reproduction;plantlet size"><b>Roots </b>fibrous, not proliferous or proliferous and producing tiny plantlets.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem growth form or orientation"><b>Stems </b>erect, rarely long-creeping;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="scale fixation;scale architecture">scales basally attached, clathrate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole architecture"><b>Petioles </b>not articulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade architecture or shape"><b>Blades </b>1–4-pinnate, of diverse size and shape.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties=""><b>Indusia </b>present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="indusium presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 36.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Worldwide
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 700 (28 species, 3 nothospecies in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Blades simple, pinnatifid, or forked (sometimes with free pinnae at base), not pinnate throughout.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Blades pinnate throughout or pinnatifid only in distal 1/3, pinnae undivided to 1–3-divided.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Blades less than 2–3 mm wide, linear, frequently forking or with 1–3 small, narrow projections.
|[[Asplenium septentrionale|Asplenium septentrionale]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Blades more than 10 mm wide, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, if lobed, segments resembling adnate pinnae.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Veins anastomosing to form areoles; blades rooting at tip.
|[[Asplenium rhizophyllum|Asplenium rhizophyllum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Veins free; blades with apical buds or not but not rooting at tip.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Blades simple, linear to oblanceolate.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Blades pinnatifid, elliptic, lanceolate, to deltate.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Blades cordate at base; roots not proliferous.
|[[Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum|Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Blades tapered at base; roots proliferous.
|[[Asplenium serratum|Asplenium serratum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Petioles 1 cm or less, dull; stem scales 0.6–1 mm wide, sparsely denticulate.
|[[Asplenium dalhousiae|Asplenium dalhousiae]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Petioles 1–10 cm, lustrous; stem scales less than 0.5 mm wide, entire.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Petioles dark-pigmented only at base; blade narrowly deltate.
|[[Asplenium pinnatifidum|Asplenium pinnatifidum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Petioles and proximal midrib darkly pigmented abaxially; blade oblong- lanceolate.
|[[Asplenium ebenoides|Asplenium ebenoides]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Blades 2–4-pinnate, with only largest pinnae divided to all pinnae divided.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Blades 1-pinnate, pinnae undivided (except in some individuals of A. pumilum).
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Blades deltate-ovate, with 2–5 pairs of pinnae; pinnae generally deltate-ovate to obdeltate, rarely lanceolate to narrowly elliptic; color in living plants dull bluish green.
|[[Asplenium ruta-muraria|Asplenium ruta-muraria]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Blades ovate-lanceolate to linear, with 5–20 pairs of pinnae; pinnae linear to oblong; color in living plants shiny green.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Delicate root proliferations usually present (commonly buried in mossy soil in crevices, but enabling clone formation); damp, shaded limestone; Florida.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Delicate root proliferations absent or rare; mainly rock crevices; plants not in Florida.
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Spores uniform and normal.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Spores of different sizes and shapes, malformed (irregular in size and shape).
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Blades oblong-lanceolate, mostly 2- pinnate; pinnae lanceolate to oblong- lanceolate.
|[[Asplenium cristatum|Asplenium cristatum]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Blades narrowly lanceolate, 2–3- pinnate; pinnae ovate to ovate- deltate.
|[[Asplenium verecundum|Asplenium verecundum]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Blades linear-lanceolate, s Florida.
|[[Asplenium ×biscayneanum|Asplenium ×biscayneanum]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Blades oblong-lanceolate, c Florida.
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Medial pinnae pinnate throughout; pinnules mostly deeply notched apically.
|[[Asplenium ×curtissii|Asplenium ×curtissii]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Medial pinnae pinnate only in proximal 1/2; pinnules mostly shallowly notched apically.
|[[Asplenium plenum|Asplenium plenum]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Buds at blade, pinna, and pinnule apices minute, scaly, dormant; Arizona.
|[[Asplenium exiguum|Asplenium exiguum]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Buds absent; foothills and mountains in e United States and s Rocky Mountains.
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Petioles all pale green except at base.
|[[Asplenium montanum|Asplenium montanum]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Petioles dark reddish brown.
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Blades lanceolate to linear- lanceolate, 1–2-pinnate; proximal pinnae often somewhat reduced; e United States foothills and mountains.
|[[Asplenium bradleyi|Asplenium bradleyi]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Blades deltate-ovate to deltate- lanceolate, 2–3-pinnate; proximal pinnae usually largest; s Rocky Mountains.
|[[Asplenium adiantum-nigrum|Asplenium adiantum-nigrum]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Pinna pairs 1–2(–4); blades ovate-deltate, with fine nonglandular hairs on veins.
|[[Asplenium pumilum|Asplenium pumilum]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Pinna pairs 5–35; blades mainly oblong to lanceolate, usually with glandular hairs or narrow hairlike scales on veins or blades glabrous.
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Pinnae with conspicuous basal auricles overlapping rachis; sori inframedial; leaves ± dimorphic, upright and tall, or spreading and short; plants often terrestrial.
|[[Asplenium platyneuron|Asplenium platyneuron]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Pinnae bases not overlapping rachis; sori medial to supramedial; leaves monomorphic; plants mainly on rock (epiphytic in A. auritum).
|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Blades mostly 4–9 cm wide, linear- lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate.
|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Blades mostly less than 3 cm wide, mainly linear.
|[[#key-0-22| > 22]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Blades linear-lanceolate, to 35 cm; pinna pairs 10–22, base with conspicuous acroscopic auricle; epiphytic on tree trunks.
|[[Asplenium auritum|Asplenium auritum]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to 20 cm; pinna pairs 4–8, base with or without small acroscopic auricle; on mossy limestone.
|[[Asplenium abscissum|Asplenium abscissum]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Sori 1(–3), mainly confined to basiscopic side of strongly asymmetric pinnae.
|[[Asplenium monanthes|Asplenium monanthes]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Sori 4–10, on both sides of costa of nearly symmetric pinnae.
|[[#key-0-23| > 23]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Blade apex prolonged into whiplike extension of rachis terminating in bud.
|[[Asplenium palmeri|Asplenium palmeri]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Blade apex not prolonged, terminal bud absent.
|[[#key-0-24| > 24]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Pinnae ovate, oblong-ovate, to rhombic, mainly 4–7 mm, length 1–2 times width.
|[[#key-0-25| > 25]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Pinnae oblong-lanceolate to oblong, mainly 6–10 mm, length 3–5 times width.
|[[#key-0-28| > 28]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Rachises dark reddish brown throughout.
|[[Asplenium trichomanes|Asplenium trichomanes]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Rachises dark in proximal 1/3–2/3 or only at base.
|[[#key-0-26| > 26]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Rachises dark in proximal 1/3–2/3; pinna margins entire to shallowly crenate.
|[[Asplenium adulterinum|Asplenium adulterinum]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Rachises dark only at base; pinna margins dentate-crenate.
|[[#key-0-27| > 27]]
|-id=key-0-27
|27
|Pinnae with basiscopic 1/2 much reduced; blades mainly less than 1 cm wide; n North America.
|[[Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum|Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum]]
|-id=key-0-27
|27
|Pinnae nearly symmetric; blades mainly more than 1 cm wide; s Florida.
|[[Asplenium trichomanes-dentatum|Asplenium trichomanes-dentatum]]
|-id=key-0-28
|28
|Pinna margins deeply lobed, especially acroscopic and distal margins, cut 1/3 or more distance from margin to costa; s California.
|[[Asplenium vespertinum|Asplenium vespertinum]]
|-id=key-0-28
|28
|Pinna margins nearly entire or shallowly crenate- dentate; se United States to e Arizona.
|[[#key-0-29| > 29]]
|-id=key-0-29
|29
|Pinna margins nearly entire; sori supramedial; spores 32; widespread in s United States.
|[[Asplenium resiliens|Asplenium resiliens]]
|-id=key-0-29
|29
|Pinna margins ± shallowly crenate- dentate; sori medial to inframedial; spores 32 or 64; local in se United States.
|[[#key-0-30| > 30]]
|-id=key-0-30
|30
|Pinna margins shallowly crenulate; auricle present at pinna base; veins obscure; spores 32 per sporangium.
|[[Asplenium ×heteroresiliens|Asplenium ×heteroresiliens]]
|-id=key-0-30
|30
|Pinna margins serrate to crenate; auricle rudimentary or absent at pinna base; veins evident; spores 64 per sporangium.
|[[Asplenium heterochroum|Asplenium heterochroum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Asplenium
|author=Warren H. Wagner Jr.;Robbin C. Moran;Charles R. Werth
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Aspleniaceae
|distribution=Worldwide
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V2/V2_270.xml
|genus=Asplenium
|blade architecture or shape=1-4-pinnate
|indusium presence=absent
|petiole architecture=not articulate
|plantlet size=tiny
|root reproduction=proliferous;not proliferous
|root texture=fibrous
|scale architecture=clathrate
|scale fixation=attached
|stem growth form or orientation=long-creeping
|stem orientation=erect
|x chromosome quantity=36
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Aspleniaceae]]