View source for Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Gaillardiinae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Gaillardiinae
|accepted_authority=Lessing
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Linnaea
|place=6: 516. 1831
|year=1831
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Gaillardiinae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Gaillardiinae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 3, 5, 309, 456
|treatment_page=page 415
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration;whole-organism duration;whole-organism duration;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Annuals,</b> biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 3–160 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal, basal and cauline, or cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="">alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf position;leaf position;leaf position;leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;ultimate margin shape;ultimate margin shape;face pubescence;face pubescence">blades mostly elliptic, filiform, lanceolate, linear, oblong, ovate, or spatulate, often 1–2-pinnately or ternately lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces glabrous or hairy, usually glanddotted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head architecture;head architecture;glomerule architecture;glomerule arrangement"><b>Heads </b>mostly radiate or discoid (rarely radiant), usually borne singly, sometimes in glomerules or corymbiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="calyculus presence"><b>Calyculi </b>0.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre shape"><b>Involucres </b>mostly campanulate, cylindric, hemispheric, obconic, or ± rotate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllary duration;phyllary quantity;series quantity;outer phyllary fusion;outer phyllary fusion;outer phyllary shape;outer phyllary shape;outer phyllary shape;outer phyllary shape;outer phyllary shape;outer phyllary shape;outer phyllary shape;outer phyllary shape;outer phyllary size;outer phyllary size"><b>Phyllaries </b>persistent, 5–50+ in 2–3+ series, distinct or outer connate, mostly elliptic, lanceolate, linear, oblanceolate, oblong, or ovate, subequal or unequal (erect or reflexed in fruit, usually herbaceous to scarious, margins seldom scarious).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>mostly conic, convex, flat, globose, hemispheric, or ovoid, epaleate (smooth or slightly to deeply pitted, sometimes with setiform enations, sometimes glanddotted; outer disc-florets rarely subtended by paleae in Amblyolepis).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ray-floret presence;ray-floret quantity;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction;ray-floret architecture"><b>Ray-</b>florets 0, or 1–55 (in 1–3 series), pistillate and fertile, or styliferous and sterile, or neuter;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration">corollas mostly yellow to orange, sometimes wholly or partly purple, redbrown, or reddish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="disc-floret quantity;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret architecture"><b>Disc-</b>florets 5–250+, usually bisexual and fertile, rarely functionally staminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;tube variability;tube shape;throat shape;throat shape;lobe quantity;lobe shape">corollas yellow, orange, or wholly or partly purple, redbrown, or reddish, tubes much shorter than to about equaling slightly to abruptly and greatly dilated, funnelform to campanulate or urceolate throats, lobes 5, deltate to lance-deltate (equal or unequal, often attenuate, glabrous, papillate, or hairy, hairs sometimes moniliform);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="anther theca coloration">anther thecae pale;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="line quantity">stigmatic papillae in 2 lines.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela pubescence;cypsela pubescence;cypsela pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>usually obpyramidal, sometimes clavate, columnar, or obconic (lengths usually 1–2.5, rarely to 3.5 diams.), mostly densely and shaggily hairy, sometimes sparsely hairy or glabrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pappus duration;scale quantity;scale presence;scale quantity;bristle quantity">pappi usually persistent, of 2–12 scales, sometimes 0 or of 35–150 bristles (Psathyrotes).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly sw United States;Mexico;South America
|discussion=<p>Genera 12, species 123 (11 genera, 73 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The circumscription of Gaillardiinae adopted here is that of H. Robinson (1981). In studies of epaleate Heliantheae, B. G. Baldwin adopted a narrower circumscription of the subtribe (Baldwin and B. L. Wessa 2000; Baldwin et al. 2002). Gaillardiinae in sense of Baldwin includes Balduina, Gaillardia, and Helenium; dispositions by Baldwin of other genera of Gaillardiinae in the broad sense include: Plateilema in Plateileminae, Psathyrotes and Trichoptilium in Psathyrotinae, and Amblyolepis, Baileya, Hymenoxys, Psilostrophe, and Tetraneuris in Tetraneuriinae (all in Helenieae sensu Baldwin).</p><!--
--><p>Psilostrophinae B. L. Turner & A. M. Powell is a superfluous name (circumscription included type of Riddelliinae O. Hoffmann).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pappi of 35–150 distinct or basally connate bristles in 1–4 series
|[[Psathyrotes|Psathyrotes]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pappi 0 or of 2–12 scales
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Pappi of 5 ovate to flabellate, deeply and finely lacerate scales (each seemingly consti-tuted of 8–15+ connate bristles)
|[[Trichoptilium|Trichoptilium]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Pappi 0 or of 2–12 ovate or spatulate to lanceolate, entire, erose, or coarsely lacerate, often attenuate or uniaristate scales
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Receptacles deeply pitted (each cypsela nested within a 5–6-sided cell)
|[[Balduina|Balduina]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Receptacles smooth or ± pitted (sometimes with scattered subulate to setiform enations, cypselae not nested within cells; outer disc florets rarely subtended by paleae in Amblyolepis).
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Phyllaries 17–21 in 2 series (inner hyaline, scalelike; herbage notably sweet scented)
|[[Amblyolepis|Amblyolepis]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Phyllaries 5–50 in 2–3 series (inner herbaceous to scarious or scarious-margined; herbage not notably sweet-scented)
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Phyllaries usually strongly reflexed in fruit; receptacles mostly globose (sometimes with setiform enations); disc corollas often brown-purple to red-brown or tipped with brown-purple to red-brown (tubes much shorter than abruptly much-dilated, urceolate to campanulate throats, lobes often shaggily hairy, hairs ± moniliform)
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Phyllaries mostly spreading to erect in fruit; receptacles flat, conic, domed, hemispheric, or ovoid (smooth or pitted, without setiform enations); disc corollas usually uniformly yellow to cream or sometimes purplish to reddish (tubes much shorter than to about equaling slightly dilated, funnelform to cylindric throats, lobes not shaggily hairy with moniliform hairs)
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems not winged (receptacles usually with setiform enations; style-branch apices± attenuate)
|[[Gaillardia|Gaillardia]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems often winged (by decurrent leaf bases; receptacles rarely with setiform enations; style-branch apices penicillate or truncate)
|[[Helenium|Helenium]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Ray florets usually 3–16 (corollas withering, falling early or tardily)
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Ray florets usually 1–55 (corollas marcescent)
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades sometimes pinnately lobed (lobes mostly filiform, linear, oroblong); phyllaries: outer connate or distinct, inner distinct
|[[Hymenoxys|Hymenoxys]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades pinnately lobed (lobes mostly deltate to obovate); phyllaries: all basally connate
|[[Plateilema|Plateilema]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pappi 0
|[[Baileya|Baileya]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pappi of 4–8 scales
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Plants mostly scapiform (non-scapiform annuals in T. linearifolia); heads mostly borne singly; involucres hemispheric to rotate; rays 0 or 7–27; disc florets 20–250+
|[[Tetraneuris|Tetraneuris]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Plants not scapiform; heads usually in close corymbiform or glomerulate clusters; involucres mostly campanulate, cylindric, or obconic; rays 1–8; disc florets 5–25+
|[[Psilostrophe|Psilostrophe]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Gaillardiinae
|authority=Lessing
|rank=subtribe
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Mostly sw United States;Mexico;South America
|reference=None
|publication title=Linnaea
|publication year=1831
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_1041.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Gaillardiinae
|anther theca coloration=pale
|blade shape=lobed;spatulate;ovate;spatulate;ovate;oblong;linear;lanceolate;filiform;elliptic
|bristle quantity=35;150
|calyculus presence=absent
|corolla coloration=reddish;redbrown;purple;or;orange;reddish;redbrown;purple;or;orange;reddish;redbrown;purple;or;orange;reddish;redbrown;purple;or;orange;yellow;reddish;redbrown;reddish;redbrown;purple;mostly yellow;orange
|cypsela pubescence=glabrate;hairy;hairy
|cypsela shape=obconic;columnar;obconic;columnar;clavate;obpyramidal
|disc-floret architecture=staminate
|disc-floret quantity=5;250
|disc-floret reproduction=fertile;bisexual
|face pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|glomerule architecture=corymbiform
|glomerule arrangement=singly
|head architecture=discoid;radiate
|involucre shape=rotate;obconic;rotate;obconic;hemispheric;cylindric;campanulate
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf position=cauline;cauline;cauline;cauline;basal;basal
|line quantity=2
|lobe quantity=5
|lobe shape=deltate;lance-deltate
|outer phyllary fusion=connate;distinct
|outer phyllary shape=ovate;oblong;ovate;oblong;oblanceolate;linear;lanceolate;elliptic
|outer phyllary size=unequal;subequal
|pappus duration=persistent
|phyllary duration=persistent
|phyllary quantity=5;50
|ray-floret architecture=neuter;styliferous;pistillate
|ray-floret presence=absent
|ray-floret quantity=1;55
|ray-floret reproduction=sterile;fertile
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle shape=ovoid;hemispheric;ovoid;hemispheric;globose;flat;convex;conic
|scale presence=absent
|scale quantity=of 35;150 bristles
|series quantity=2;3
|throat shape=urceolate;campanulate
|tube shape=dilated
|tube variability=equaling
|ultimate margin shape=toothed;entire
|whole-organism duration=perennial;biennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=shrub;subshrub
|whole_organism some measurement=3cm;160cm
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]