View source for Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
|accepted_authority=Cassini ex Dumortier
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Belg.,
|place=71. 1827
|year=1827
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Lagasceinae
|authority=Bentham & Hooker f.
|rank=subtribe
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 7, 43, 63, 173, 175, 182
|treatment_page=page 135
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration;whole-organism duration;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (2–) 20–500 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="">mostly opposite (distal often alternate) or mostly alternate, rarely whorled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;ultimate margin shape;ultimate margin shape;face pubescence">blades (often 3-nerved or 5-nerved) orbiculate or deltate to lanceolate or linear (and intermediate shapes), sometimes lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually hairy (often hispid to scabrellous), often glanddotted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head architecture or arrangement;head architecture or shape;head arrangement;head arrangement;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform (paniculiform or racemiform) arrays (glomerules or second-order heads of 1–2-flowered heads in Lagascea).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="calyculus presence"><b>Calyculi </b>0.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape"><b>Involucres </b>cylindric to hemispheric or rotate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllary duration;phyllary atypical quantity;phyllary quantity;series quantity"><b>Phyllaries </b>persistent, 4–45 (–100+) in 1–6+ series (usually distinct, ± connate in Lagascea, broadly ovate to linear, subequal or unequal).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>usually flat or convex, sometimes hemispheric or conic, usually paleate (epaleate in Lagascea; paleae usually falling, sometimes persistent, mostly oblong to linear, often conduplicate, herbaceous to scarious, apices sometimes ± 3-lobed or toothed; becoming hardened perigynia completely investing cypselae in Sclerocarpus).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ray-floret presence;ray-floret atypical quantity;ray-floret quantity;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction"><b>Ray-</b>florets 0 or 5–30 (–100+), neuter, or styliferous and sterile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration">corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes partly or wholly brown to purple or redbrown to reddish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="disc-floret quantity;disc-floret atypical quantity;disc-floret quantity;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret reproduction"><b>Disc-</b>florets 1 (Lagascea) or 10–200 (–1000+), bisexual, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;tube height or length or size;throat variability;throat shape;lobe quantity;lobe shape">corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes brown to purple or reddish to redbrown, tubes shorter than or about equaling cylindric or funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (equal);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="anther theca coloration;anther theca coloration">anther thecae dark or pale;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stigmatic papilla architecture">stigmatic papillae usually continuous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela pubescence;cypsela pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>often ± compressed, flattened, biconvex, clavate, columnar, obovoid, obpyramidal, or prismatic (lengths usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pappus presence;pappus shape;scale atypical quantity;scale atypical quantity;scale quantity">pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–) 2 (–8+) (sometimes aristate) scales and/or awns, sometimes coroniform.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly subtropical;tropical;and warm-temperate New World
|discussion=<p>Genera 17, species 363 (8 genera, 69 species, including 1 hybrid, in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Circumscription of Helianthinae adopted here (i.e., that of H. Robinson 1981) is narrower than traditional circumscriptions (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1977[1978]), which included genera here treated in Ecliptinae, Galinsoginae, and Rudbeckiinae.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Phyllaries 4–5 in ± 1 series (connate); disc florets 1(–2; the 1–2-flowered heads aggregated in glomerules or second-order heads)
|[[Lagascea|Lagascea]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Phyllaries 5–45(–100+) in (1–)2–6+ series (distinct); disc florets (10–)15–200(–1000+)
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Receptacles paleate (each palea completely investing and falling with a cypsela, eachforming a hardened perigynium)
|[[Sclerocarpus|Sclerocarpus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Receptacles paleate (paleae sometimes conduplicate, ± enfolding cypselae, not forming perigynia)
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Heads borne singly (peduncles usually distally dilated, fistulose)
|[[Tithonia|Tithonia]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Heads borne singly or in corymbiform, paniculiform, racemiform, or thyrsiform arrays (peduncles rarely, if ever, notably dilated or fistulose)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Cypselae flattened, thin-margined
|[[Simsia|Simsia]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Cypselae ± compressed, biconvex, or 3- or 4-angled, often obpyramidal
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Cypselae glabrous or glabrate; pappi 0
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Cypselae usually ± strigose, sometimes glabrous or glabrate; pappi of 2–6+, persistent, readily falling, or tardily falling scales
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Shrubs (leaves often lobed, lobes usually 3–9, ± linear)
|[[Viguiera|Viguiera]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Annuals or perennials (leaves not lobed)
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Annuals; leaf blades lanceolate to linear; involucres 5–6 mm diam.;phyllaries 11–17
|[[Helianthus|Helianthus]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Annuals or perennials; leaf blades lance-linear, lanceolate, ovate, rhombic, or rhombic-ovate; involucres 6–14 mm diam.; phyllaries14–25
|[[Heliomeris|Heliomeris]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Shrubs; involucres 5–9 mm diam
|[[Bahiopsis|Bahiopsis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Annuals or perennials; involucres (5–)7–40+ mm diam
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pappi readily falling
|[[Helianthus|Helianthus]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pappi persistent or tardily falling
|[[Viguiera|Viguiera]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
|authority=Cassini ex Dumortier
|rank=subtribe
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Lagasceinae
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Mostly subtropical;tropical;and warm-temperate New World
|reference=None
|publication title=Fl. Belg.,
|publication year=1827
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_329.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
|anther theca coloration=pale;dark
|array architecture=corymbiform
|blade shape=lobed;deltate;lanceolate or linear
|calyculus presence=absent
|corolla coloration=brown;purple or reddish
|cypsela pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|cypsela shape=prismatic;obpyramidal;prismatic;obpyramidal;obovoid;columnar;clavate;biconvex;flattened;compressed
|disc-floret atypical quantity=200;1000
|disc-floret quantity=10;200
|disc-floret reproduction=fertile;bisexual
|face pubescence=hairy
|head architecture or arrangement=radiate
|head architecture or shape=discoid
|head arrangement=in corymbiform arrays;singly
|involucre shape=cylindric;hemispheric or rotate
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf arrangement=whorled;alternate;opposite
|leaf position=basal;cauline
|lobe quantity=5
|lobe shape=deltate
|pappus presence=absent
|pappus shape=coroniform
|phyllary atypical quantity=45;100
|phyllary duration=persistent
|phyllary quantity=4;45
|ray-floret architecture=styliferous;neuter;styliferous;neuter
|ray-floret atypical quantity=30;100
|ray-floret presence=absent
|ray-floret quantity=5;30
|ray-floret reproduction=sterile
|receptacle architecture=paleate
|receptacle shape=conic;hemispheric;convex;flat
|scale atypical quantity=2;8
|scale quantity=2
|series quantity=1;6
|stigmatic papilla architecture=continuous
|throat shape=cylindric
|throat variability=equaling
|tube height or length or size=shorter
|ultimate margin shape=toothed;entire
|whole-organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole_organism atypical some measurement=2cm;20cm
|whole_organism growth form=shrub;subshrub
|whole_organism some measurement=20cm;500cm
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]