View source for Avena

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Avena
|accepted_authority=L.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Avena
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Avena]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 734
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm orientation;culm orientation"><b>Culms </b>8-200 cm, erect or decumbent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="sheath architecture"><b>Sheaths </b>open;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="ligule texture">ligules membranous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade prominence or shape;blade shape or vernation;blade architecture or arrangement">blades usually flat, sometimes involute, lax.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescences panicle density;branch some measurement"><b>Inflorescences </b>panicles, diffuse, sometimes 1-sided, some branches longer than 1 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="spikelet quantity;spikelet architecture;spikelet shape;floret atypical quantity;floret quantity"><b>Spikelets </b>15-50 min, pedicellate, laterally compressed, with 1-6 (8) florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="">rachillas not prolonged beyond the base of the distal floret;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="rachilla length;rachilla architecture;floret condition">disarticulation above the glumes, usually also beneath the florets, cultivated forms not disarticulating.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="glume texture;glume pubescence;glume architecture;glume shape"><b>Glumes </b>usually exceeding the florets, membranous, glabrous, 3-11-veined, acute, unawned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="callus shape">calluses rounded to pointed, with or without hairs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="lemma texture;lemma architecture;hair architecture;hair pubescence;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or shape;awn position;awn shape;awn architecture">lemmas usually indurate and enclosing the caryopses at maturity, 5-9-veined, often with twisted, strigose hairs below midlength, apices dentate to bifid or biaristate, usually awned, sometimes unawned, awns dorsal, usually once-geniculate and strongly twisted in the basal portion;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="palea architecture or shape;palea architecture or shape;keel architecture or pubescence or shape">paleas bifid or entire, keels ciliate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="lodicule quantity;lodicule fusion;lodicule pubescence;lodicule shape;lodicule shape">lodicules 2, free, glabrous, toothed or not toothed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="ovary pubescence">ovaries hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="caryopse height or length or size;caryopse prominence;caryopse shape;caryopse architecture;caryopse pubescence"><b>Caryopses </b>shorter than the lemmas, concealed at maturity, terete, ventrally grooved, pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="hilum arrangement or course or shape;x chromosome quantity">hila linear, x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.Mex.;Wash.;Va.;W.Va.;Mich.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Tex.;La.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Nev.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Okla.;S.Dak.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.
|discussion=<p>Avena, a genus of 29 species, is native to temperate and cold regions of Europe, North Africa, and central Asia; it has become nearly cosmopolitan through the cultivation of cereal oats, and the inadvertent introduction of the weedy species. Six species have been introduced into the Flora region.</p><!--
--><p>Reports of Avena strigosa Schreb. from California are based on misidentifications. The specimens involved belong to A. barbata.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=baum1977a
|text=Baum, B.R. 1977. Oats: Wild and Cultivated
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dore1980a
|text=Dore, W.G. and J. McNeill. 1980. Grasses of Ontario. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph No. 26. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Hull, Quebec, Canada. 568 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=unknown-c
|text=A Monograph of the Genus Avena L. (Poaceae) Biosystematics Research institute Monograph No. 14. Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 463 pp.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Florets not disarticulating from the glumes, remaining attached to the plant even at maturity; calluses glabrous
|[[Avena sativa|Avena sativa]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Florets disarticulating at maturity, only the glumes remaining attached; calluses bearded.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Florets falling from the glumes as a unit
|[[Avena sterilis|Avena sterilis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Florets falling separately
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lemma apices biaristate, 2 veins extending 2-4 mm beyond the apices
|[[Avena barbata|Avena barbata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Lemma apices erose to bifid, the veins not extending beyond the apices.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Spikelets with 2(3) florets; disarticulation scar of the lower florets in a spikelet round to oval or triangular, that of the third floret, if present, similar
|[[Avena fatua|Avena fatua]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Spikelets with 2-4(5) florets; disarticulation scar of the lower florets in a spikelet round to elliptic, those of the third and fourth florets (and sometimes the second) heart-shaped.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Glumes 15-23 mm long
|[[Avena hybrid|Avena hybrid]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Glumes 28-40 mm long
|[[Avena occidentalis|Avena occidentalis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Avena
|author=Bernard R. Baum;
|authority=L.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|illustrator=Cindy Roché
|illustration copyright=Utah State University
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.Mex.;Wash.;Va.;W.Va.;Mich.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Tex.;La.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Nev.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Okla.;S.Dak.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.
|reference=baum1977a;dore1980a;unknown-c
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_1041.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae
|genus=Avena
|anther quantity=3
|apex architecture or shape=awned;biaristate;dentate;bifid
|auricle presence=absent
|awn architecture=twisted
|awn position=dorsal
|awn shape=once-geniculate
|blade architecture or arrangement=lax
|blade prominence or shape=flat
|blade shape or vernation=involute
|branch some measurement=1
|callus shape=rounded;pointed
|caryopse architecture=grooved
|caryopse height or length or size=shorter
|caryopse prominence=concealed
|caryopse pubescence=pubescent
|caryopse shape=terete
|culm orientation=decumbent;erect
|culm some measurement=8cm;200cm
|floret atypical quantity=8
|floret condition=cultivated
|floret quantity=1;6
|glume architecture=3-11-veined
|glume pubescence=glabrous
|glume shape=acute
|glume texture=membranous
|hair architecture=twisted
|hair pubescence=strigose
|hilum arrangement or course or shape=linear
|inflorescences panicle density=diffuse
|keel architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
|lemma architecture=5-9-veined
|lemma texture=indurate
|ligule texture=membranous
|lodicule fusion=free
|lodicule pubescence=glabrous
|lodicule quantity=2
|lodicule shape=not toothed;toothed
|ovary pubescence=hairy
|palea architecture or shape=entire;bifid
|rachilla architecture=not disarticulating
|rachilla length=not prolonged
|sheath architecture=open
|spikelet architecture=pedicellate
|spikelet quantity=15;50
|spikelet shape=compressed
|whole_organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|x chromosome quantity=7
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]]