View source for Balsamorhiza hookeri

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Balsamorhiza hookeri
|accepted_authority=Nuttall
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s.
|place=7: 349. 1840
|year=1840
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Heliopsis balsamorhiza
|authority=Hooker
|rank=species
|publication_title=Fl. Bor.-Amer.
|publication_place=1: 310. 1833
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Balsamorhiza hirsuta
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Balsamorhiza hirsuta var. lagocephala
|authority=W. M. Sharp
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Balsamorhiza hirsuta var. neglecta
|authority=W. M. Sharp
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Balsamorhiza hookeri var. hirsuta
|authority=(Nuttall) A. Nelson
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Balsamorhiza hookeri var. lagocephala
|authority=(W. M. Sharp) Cronquist
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Balsamorhiza hookeri var. neglecta
|authority=(W. M. Sharp) Cronquist
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Balsamorhiza macrolepis var. platylepis
|authority=(W. M. Sharp) Ferris
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Balsamorhiza platylepis
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae;Balsamorhiza;Balsamorhiza subg. Balsamorhiza;Balsamorhiza hookeri
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Balsamorhiza]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Balsamorhiza subg. Balsamorhiza]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Balsamorhiza hookeri]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 93, 94, 95
|treatment_page=page 98
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>10–30 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="blade coloration;blade shape;blade shape;blade atypical length;blade atypical length;blade length;blade width;base shape;ultimate margin architecture or shape;apex shape;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence"><b>Basal </b>leaves: blades usually gray-green, narrowly to broadly lanceolate or ovate, (8–) 20–30 (–40) × 2–15 cm (1–2-pinnatifid, primary lobes oblong or lanceolate to linear, 5–100 × 0.5–15 mm, secondary lobes usually ± linear, spreading), bases ± truncate to broadly cuneate, ultimate margins usually entire (plane or revolute, ciliate or not), apices obtuse to acute, faces hirsute, sericeous, or strigose (and glanddotted or finely stipitate-glandular).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="head arrangement"><b>Heads </b>borne singly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>campanulate to hemispheric, 15–30 mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="outer phyllary shape;outer phyllary some measurement;apex shape"><b>Outer </b>phyllaries ovatelanceolate to lanceolate, 10–24+ mm, seldom surpassing inner, apices acuminate to attenuate (margins usually ciliate).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties=""><b>Ray </b>laminae 15–30 (–45) mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="ray lamina atypical some measurement;ray lamina some measurement;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 38.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–May(–Jul).
|habitat=Rocky outcrops, dry meadows, sagebrush scrublands, basalt scablands (north), dry, open forests (south)
|elevation=(300–)1000–1500(–2900) m
|distribution=Calif.;Nev.;Oreg.;Wash.
|discussion=<p>At one time or another, most species of subg. Balsamorhiza have been synonymized under B. hookeri. Nevertheless, a number of taxa are justifiably segregated as species by their morphologic differences and geographic restrictions. One might logically choose either of two taxonomies: recognizing only two species in the entire genus, one representing subg. Artorhiza and the other subg. Balsamorhiza, or recognizing each slightly differing population as a species. Either course results in an unsatisfactory classification. The present classification is a compromise. A knotty problem persists. A central cluster of populations from eastern Washington to southeastern California display a number of minor and locally discrete morphologies. They tend to be less isolated from each other than are the peripheral populations, although some tend to mimic the latter ones in one or more characteristics. Their evolutionary history may be involved with past hybridizations with each other or with species of subg. Artorhiza, gene drift, and polyploidy. At present, it appears impossible to reach a satisfactory classification.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Balsamorhiza hookeri
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Balsamorhiza hirsuta;Balsamorhiza hirsuta var. lagocephala;Balsamorhiza hirsuta var. neglecta;Balsamorhiza hookeri var. hirsuta;Balsamorhiza hookeri var. lagocephala;Balsamorhiza hookeri var. neglecta;Balsamorhiza macrolepis var. platylepis;Balsamorhiza platylepis
|basionyms=Heliopsis balsamorhiza
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–May(–Jul).
|habitat=Rocky outcrops, dry meadows, sagebrush scrublands, basalt scablands (north), dry, open forests (south)
|elevation=(300–)1000–1500(–2900) m
|distribution=Calif.;Nev.;Oreg.;Wash.
|reference=None
|publication title=Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s.
|publication year=1840
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_231.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae
|genus=Balsamorhiza
|subgenus=Balsamorhiza subg. Balsamorhiza
|species=Balsamorhiza hookeri
|2n chromosome quantity=38
|apex shape=acuminate;attenuate
|base shape=less truncate;broadly cuneate
|blade atypical length=30cm;40cm
|blade coloration=gray-green
|blade length=20cm;30cm
|blade shape=ovate;lanceolate
|blade width=2cm;15cm
|face pubescence=strigose;sericeous;strigose;sericeous;hirsute
|head arrangement=singly
|involucre diameter=15mm;30mm
|involucre shape=campanulate;hemispheric
|outer phyllary shape=ovatelanceolate;lanceolate
|outer phyllary some measurement=10mm;24mm
|ray lamina atypical some measurement=30mm;45mm
|ray lamina some measurement=15mm;30mm
|ultimate margin architecture or shape=entire
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism some measurement=10cm;30cm
}}<!--

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