View source for Betula cordifolia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Betula cordifolia
|accepted_authority=Regel
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou
|place=13(2): 86. 1861
|year=1861
}}
|common_names=Heartleaf birch;mountain white birch;bouleau &agrave; feuilles cordées;bouleau blanc
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula alba var. cordifolia
|authority=(Regel) Fernald
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia
|authority=(Regel) Fernald
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae;Betula;Betula cordifolia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Betulaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Betula]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Betula cordifolia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism architecture or course;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism size;whole_organism architecture or course;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, large, irregular, to 20 m;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="trunk quantity;whole_organism growth form;crown size or width">trunks often several, trees with narrow crowns.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bark coloration;bark arrangement;bark coloration;bark relief;trunk life cycle;sheet width"><b>Bark </b>of young trunks and branches dark reddish-brown, close, in maturity reddish white to reddish tan or bronze, exfoliating in paper-thin sheets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="lenticel coloration;lenticel size">lenticels dark, horizontally expanded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="twig pubescence;gland prominence;gland pubescence or relief;gland coating"><b>Twigs </b>glabrous to sparsely pubescent, often covered with conspicuous, warty, resinous glands.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade atypical length;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;pair quantity;base shape;base shape;margin architecture or shape;apex shape;apex pubescence;apex pubescence;apex pubescence;gland size;gland coating"><b>Leaf-</b>blade narrowly ovate to ovate with 9–12 pairs of lateral-veins, 6–10 (–14) × 4–8 cm, base usually cordate, rarely rounded, margins coarsely or irregularly doubly serrate, apex short-acuminate, abaxially sparsely to moderately pubescent, sometimes velutinous or tomentose along major veins and in vein-axils, covered with minute, resinous glands.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="infructescence orientation;infructescence orientation;infructescence shape;infructescence length;infructescence width"><b>Infructescences </b>pendulous or nearly pendulous, cylindric, 2.5–5.5 × 0.6–1 cm, shattering with fruits in fall;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="scale pubescence;lobe position;lobe position;central lobe shape;central lobe shape;lateral lobe orientation;lateral lobe height or length or size;lateral lobe width">scales glabrous to moderately pubescent, lobes diverging proximal to middle, central lobe elongate, obtuse, lateral lobes ascending, shorter and slightly broader than central lobe.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="wing width"><b>Samaras </b>with wings broader than body, broadest near summit, extended beyond body apically.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="samara width;samara width;samara size;2n chromosome quantity;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 28, 56.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering late spring.
|habitat=Moist, rocky slopes or rich, open forest
|elevation=800–2000 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.Y.;N.C.;Pa.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>Betula cordifolia has been reported from Connecticut; I have not seen specimens.</p><!--
--><p>In recent years Betula cordifolia has usually been treated as a variety of B. papyrifera, and perhaps it should be considered an ecological race of that species. It differs from B. papyrifera in polyploid level (diploid and tetraploid in B. cordifolia versus tetraploid, pentaploid, and hexaploid in B. papyrifera) and in vegetative characters, including the number of lateral veins of leaves and the color of bark (W. H. Brittain and W. F. Grant 1967; P. E. DeHond and C. S. Campbell 1989). In the Adirondacks, B. cordifolia and B. papyrifera occur in rather distinct ecological zones (B. cordifolia mostly above 800 m and B. papyrifera generally below this elevation). The species does not appear to occur as far west (Iowa) as stated by M. L. Fernald (1950).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Betula cordifolia
|authority=Regel
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Betula alba var. cordifolia;Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia
|basionyms=
|family=Betulaceae
|phenology=Flowering late spring.
|habitat=Moist, rocky slopes or rich, open forest
|elevation=800–2000 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.Y.;N.C.;Pa.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou
|publication year=1861
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_92.xml
|subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Betuloideae
|genus=Betula
|species=Betula cordifolia
|2n chromosome quantity=56;28
|apex pubescence=tomentose;velutinous;pubescent
|apex shape=short-acuminate
|bark arrangement=close
|bark coloration=reddish white;reddish tan or bronze
|bark relief=exfoliating
|base shape=rounded;cordate
|central lobe shape=obtuse;elongate
|crown size or width=narrow
|gland coating=resinous;resinous
|gland prominence=conspicuous
|gland pubescence or relief=warty
|gland size=minute
|infructescence length=2.5cm;5.5cm
|infructescence orientation=pendulous;pendulous
|infructescence shape=cylindric
|infructescence width=0.6cm;1cm
|lateral lobe height or length or size=shorter
|lateral lobe orientation=ascending
|lateral lobe width=slightly broader
|leaf-blade atypical length=10cm;14cm
|leaf-blade length=6cm;10cm
|leaf-blade shape=narrowly ovate;ovate
|leaf-blade width=4cm;8cm
|lenticel coloration=dark
|lenticel size=expanded
|lobe position=proximal;middle
|margin architecture or shape=serrate
|pair quantity=9;12
|samara size=extended
|samara width=broadest;broader
|scale pubescence=glabrous;moderately pubescent
|sheet width=paper-thin
|trunk life cycle=young
|trunk quantity=several
|twig pubescence=glabrous;sparsely pubescent
|whole_organism architecture or course=irregular;irregular
|whole_organism growth form=tree;shrub;tree
|whole_organism size=large;large
|whole_organism some measurement=0m;20m
|wing width=broader
}}<!--

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