View source for Boltonia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Boltonia
|accepted_authority=L’Héritier
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sert. Angl.,
|place=27. 1789
|year=1789
}}
|common_names=Doll’s-daisy
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Astereae;Boltonia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Boltonia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For James Bolton, fl. 1750s–1799, English botanist, artist
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 17
|treatment_page=page 353
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration"><b>Perennials,</b> 30–200+ cm (rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or with basal offshoots).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect to ascending, branched distally (ribbed), glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal (withering by flowering) and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture">sessile (sometimes decurrent);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade architecture;blade shape;blade shape;margin architecture or shape;face pubescence">blades 1-nerved, linear, subulate to lanceolate or oblanceolate (bases attenuate, cauline sometimes decurrent), margins entire to serrulate (teeth callous-tipped), (apices acute to acuminate) faces glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture or arrangement;head atypical quantity;array architecture;array architecture;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>radiate, (10–100+) in leafy, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre length;involucre width">(Peduncles bracteate or ebracteate, bracts leaflike or scalelike.) Involucres hemispheric, (2–5 ×) 3–14 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllarie quantity;phyllarie architecture;phyllarie shape;phyllarie size;series quantity;margin texture;face pubescence"><b>Phyllaries </b>30–55 in 3–6 series, 1-nerved (midribs thickened, resinous; flat), linear to oblanceolate or spatulate, unequal to subequal, margins ± membranaceous, faces glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle relief;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>conic to hemispheric, obscurely pitted, epaleate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="ray-floret quantity;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction"><b>Ray-</b>florets 20–60, pistillate, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration">corollas white to lilac (laminae linear to elliptic).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="disc-floret quantity;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret reproduction"><b>Disc-</b>florets 50–400+, bisexual, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="corolla coloration;tube height or length or size;lobe quantity;lobe orientation;lobe shape">corollas yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, erect, triangular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="style-branch appendage shape">style-branch appendages deltate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="cypsela growth form"><b>Cypselae </b>dimorphic (brownish);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="ray shape;margin architecture;rib quantity;rib position;rib quantity;rib position">ray ± triquetrous, margins arrowly winged, ribs 2 abaxial, 1 adaxial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="disc shape;disc shape;margin architecture;margin architecture;resin duct presence;face pubescence">disc obovoid to cuneate or obcordiform, laterally compressed, margins winged or not, resin ducts present, faces often puberulent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="awn quantity;awn condition or texture;awn atypical quantity;awn quantity;series quantity">pappi persistent, usually of 2–3 sclerified awns plus (0–) 7–12 shorter bristles or scales in 1 series.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="pappus duration;x chromosome quantity">x = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America
|discussion=<p>Species 5 (5 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=morgan1966a
|text=Morgan, J. T. 1966. A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Boltonia (Asteraceae). Ph.D. dissertation. University of North Carolina.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Disc cypselae lacking wings, or if present wings 0.01–0.1 mm wide; pappus awns 0–0.4 mm
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Disc cypselae wings 0.1–0.5 mm wide; pappus awns (0.3–)0.4–2 mm
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Heads in corymbiform arrays; outer phyllaries 1.7–2.8 mm; ray laminae 5–13 mm
|[[Boltonia asteroides|Boltonia asteroides]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Heads in paniculiform arrays; outer phyllaries 1.2–1.6 mm; ray laminae 3–7.5 mm
|[[Boltonia caroliniana|Boltonia caroliniana]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Bases of cauline leaves decurrent; rhizomes and stolons absent; Illinois, Missouri
|[[Boltonia decurrens|Boltonia decurrens]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Bases of cauline leaves not decurrent; rhizomes or stolons present or absent; widely distributed or not in Illinois or Missouri.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads in paniculiform arrays, primary branches mostly spreading; only proximal bracts leaflike, 8–55 mm, others reduced and linear to linear-oblanceolate or subulate, 2–10(–15) mm
|[[Boltonia diffusa|Boltonia diffusa]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads in corymbiform arrays, branches spreading to ascending; most bracts leaflike, 10–120 mm, only peduncle bracts reduced, linear to subulate or ovate to linear-oblanceolate, 1–12(–62) mm
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Pappus awns 0.3–0.8 mm; outer phyllaries 1.3–2 mm; ray laminae 5–9 mm; Florida panhandle to se Louisiana
|[[Boltonia apalachicolensis|Boltonia apalachicolensis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Pappus awns 0.4–2 mm; outer phyllaries 1.5–3.8 mm; ray laminae 5–13 mm; e North America, Idaho, Oregon
|[[Boltonia asteroides|Boltonia asteroides]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Boltonia
|author=Vesna Karaman-Castro;Lowell E. Urbatsch
|authority=L’Héritier
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America
|reference=morgan1966a
|publication title=Sert. Angl.,
|publication year=1789
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V20_817.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Astereae
|genus=Boltonia
|array architecture=paniculiform;corymbiform;leafy
|awn atypical quantity=0;7
|awn condition or texture=sclerified
|awn quantity=7;12
|blade architecture=1-nerved
|blade shape=subulate;lanceolate or oblanceolate
|corolla coloration=yellow;white;lilac
|cypsela growth form=dimorphic
|disc shape=compressed;obovoid;cuneate or obcordiform
|disc-floret quantity=50;400
|disc-floret reproduction=fertile;bisexual
|face pubescence=puberulent;glabrous;glabrous
|head architecture or arrangement=radiate
|head atypical quantity=10;100
|involucre length=[2mm;5mm
|involucre shape=hemispheric
|involucre width=]3mm;14mm
|leaf architecture=sessile
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe orientation=erect
|lobe quantity=5
|lobe shape=triangular
|margin architecture=not;winged;winged
|margin architecture or shape=entire;serrulate
|margin texture=membranaceous
|pappus duration=persistent
|phyllarie architecture=1-nerved
|phyllarie quantity=30;55
|phyllarie shape=linear;oblanceolate or spatulate
|phyllarie size=unequal;subequal
|ray shape=triquetrous
|ray-floret architecture=pistillate
|ray-floret quantity=20;60
|ray-floret reproduction=fertile
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle relief=pitted
|receptacle shape=conic;hemispheric
|resin duct presence=absent
|rib position=adaxial;abaxial
|rib quantity=1;2
|series quantity=1;3;6
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=erect;ascending
|stem pubescence=glabrous
|style-branch appendage shape=deltate
|tube height or length or size=shorter
|whole-organism duration=perennial
|whole-organism some measurement=30cm;200cm
|x chromosome quantity=9
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]