View source for Brickellia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Brickellia
|accepted_authority=Elliott
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sketch Bot. S. Carolina
|place=2: 290. 1823
|year=1823
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae;Brickellia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Brickellia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For John Brickell, 1748–1809, Irish-born physician and naturalist who settled in Georgia (not John Brickell, 1710?–1745, Irish naturalist who visited North Carolina ca. 1729–1731 and published on the natural history of North Carolina in 1737)
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 460, 507
|treatment_page=page 491
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration;whole-organism duration;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (12–) 30–120 (–200) cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>mostly erect, often much branched (sometimes virgate, often striate).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">opposite or alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade architecture;blade shape;blade arrangement or shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;margin shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence">blades usually 3-nerved from bases, deltate, lance-elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lanceovate, lance-rhombic, linear, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, spatulate, or suborbiculate, margins mostly crenate, dentate, entire, laciniate-dentate, lobed, serrate, or toothed, faces glabrous (sometimes shiny) or glandular-puberulent, strigose, or tomentose, sometimes glanddotted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head arrangement;array architecture;array architecture;array architecture;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>usually in corymbiform, sometimes cymiform, paniculiform, or racemiform, arrays, rarely borne singly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>cylindric to obconic or campanulate, 5–12 mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllary duration;phyllary atypical quantity;phyllary atypical quantity;phyllary quantity;phyllary coloration or pubescence or relief;phyllary architecture;phyllary shape;phyllary size;series atypical quantity;series quantity"><b>Phyllaries </b>persistent, (10–) 14–45 (–60) in 3–7 (–9) series, usually (4–) 5–6 (–16) -striate or nerved, linear or lanceolate to oblanceolate or oblong, usually unequal (usually chartaceous, sometimes herbaceous).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat to convex, epaleate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="floret atypical quantity;floret atypical quantity;floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>(3–) 8–45 (–90);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;throat shape">corollas usually white or whitish to cream, sometimes greenish, purplish or yellowish, throats mostly cylindric to narrowly funnelform (lengths 3–5 times diams.);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="base size;base pubescence;branch shape">styles: bases enlarged, hairy, branches narrowly clavate (± dilated distally).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela architecture or shape;cypsela pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>narrowly prismatic, 10-ribbed, glabrous or hairy to glabrate, often glanddotted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="bristle quantity;bristle architecture;bristle shape;bristle architecture;series quantity">pappi persistent, of 10–80 usually smooth or barbellulate to barbellate, sometimes plumose or subplumose bristles in 1 series.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pappus duration;x chromosome quantity">x = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 100 (32 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=robinson1917a
|text=Robinson, B. L. 1917. A monograph of the genus Brickellia. Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 3–151.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pappi usually of plumose or subplumose, sometimes barbellate, bristles
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pappi usually of smooth or barbellulate to barbellate, sometimes subplumose, bristles
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Phyllaries puberulent, often densely gland-dotted as well
|[[Brickellia eupatorioides|Brickellia eupatorioides]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Phyllaries glabrous or puberulent (not gland-dotted)
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stems (at least distally) pubescent (lacking relatively long, gland-tipped hairs); florets9–12
|[[Brickellia brachyphylla|Brickellia brachyphylla]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stems (at least distally) stipitate-glandular (hairs relatively long); florets 11–22
|[[Brickellia hinckleyi|Brickellia hinckleyi]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Florets (40–)45–90
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Florets 3–30(–50)
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems and leaves densely white-tomentose
|[[Brickellia incana|Brickellia incana]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Stems and leaves glabrous or glandular-puberulent, puberulent, pubescent, stipitate-glandular, strigose, villous, or viscid-glandular, often gland-dotted as well (not tomentose)
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Shrubs; leaf margins usually sharply dentate or dentate-serrate, rarely entire;outer phyllaries ovate, lance-ovate, or lance-linear
|[[Brickellia atractyloides|Brickellia atractyloides]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Perennials (caudices woody); leaf margins crenate, crenate-dentate, dentate, or serrate; outer phyllaries lance-ovate to narrowly lanceolate
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Peduncles 0–2 mm; involucres 14–18 mm; cypselae 5.5–7 mm
|[[Brickellia greenei|Brickellia greenei]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Peduncles 4–50 mm; involucres 7–14 mm; cypselae 4–5 mm
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Petioles 10–70 mm; peduncles 4–30 mm; involucres 7–12 mm; phyllaries 30–40; corollas 6.5–7.5 mm
|[[Brickellia grandiflora|Brickellia grandiflora]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Petioles 3–20 mm; peduncles 20–50 mm; involucres 12–14 mm; phyllaries 40–60; corollas 9–10 mm
|[[Brickellia simplex|Brickellia simplex]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Florets 3–7
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Florets 8–30(–50)
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf blades lance-elliptic, lance-ovate, lanceolate, lance-linear, or linear, margins entire or nearly so, faces gland-dotted (and shiny), often puberulent as well
|[[Brickellia longifolia|Brickellia longifolia]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf blades lance-ovate to lanceolate, margins dentate to serrate, faces gland-dotted and sparsely pubescent (not shiny)
|[[Brickellia knappiana|Brickellia knappiana]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Petioles 4–70 mm
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Petioles 0–5 mm
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Leaf apices acuminate or long-acuminate to attenuate
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Leaf apices acute to obtuse or rounded
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Phyllaries, outer: apices obtuse to acute (cypselae 2–2.5 mm)
|[[Brickellia rusbyi|Brickellia rusbyi]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Phyllaries, outer: apices acute, acuminate, or mucronate
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Shrubs; leaf margins subentire or ± toothed (usually with 1–3 sets of sharp teeth near bases); phyllaries 17–22
|[[Brickellia coulteri|Brickellia coulteri]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Perennials; leaf margins crenate, dentate, or serrate; phyllaries 28–40
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Heads (erect in fruit) in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; corollas pale yellow-green, often purple-tinged, 6–7.2 mm; pappi of 38–46 purple-tinged bristles
|[[Brickellia cordifolia|Brickellia cordifolia]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Heads (nodding in flower and fruit) in loose, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; corollas pale yellow-green; pappi of 20–30white bristles
|[[Brickellia grandiflora|Brickellia grandiflora]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Perennials; stems and peduncles stipitate-glandular
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Shrubs; stems and peduncles pubescent or glandular-pubescent
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Leaf bases rounded to cuneate; petioles 4–10 mm; phyllaries: outer ovate to lance-ovate or lanceolate (equaling or surpassing inner,glabrous or sparsely glandular-hirtellous)
|[[Brickellia chenopodina|Brickellia chenopodina]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Leaf bases truncate to cordate; petioles 20–35 mm; phyllaries: outerovate to lanceolate (shorter than inner, glandular-hirtellous)
|[[Brickellia floribunda|Brickellia floribunda]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Leaves: bases cuneate, margins laciniate-dentate; peduncles 5–40 mm
|[[Brickellia baccharidea|Brickellia baccharidea]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Leaves: bases cordate to truncate, margins crenate to serrate; peduncles 1–5 mm
|[[Brickellia californica|Brickellia californica]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Leaves opposite
|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Leaves alternate
|[[#key-0-28| > 28]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Stems and leaves mostly puberulent to pubescent, sometimes gland-dotted (not glandular-pubescent or stipitate-glandular)
|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Stems and leaves pubescent, puberulent, or tomentulose and gland-dotted, glandular-pubescent, or stipitate-glandular
|[[#key-0-22| > 22]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Perennials mostly 30–90 cm; leaf blades oblong, obovate, or ovate,(15–)30–80 × 10–35 mm
|[[Brickellia betonicifolia|Brickellia betonicifolia]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Perennials 12–30 cm; leaf blades deltate-ovate to lanceolate, 7–30 × 4–28 mm
|[[Brickellia parvula|Brickellia parvula]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Shrubs; leaf blades mostly 3–15 mm; peduncles 0–3 mm
|[[#key-0-23| > 23]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Perennials; leaf blades (2–)15–160 mm; peduncles (1–)3–150 mm (if less than 3 mm, bracteate)
|[[#key-0-24| > 24]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Phyllaries 20–24; florets 8–12
|[[Brickellia desertorum|Brickellia desertorum]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Phyllaries 35–40; florets 18–33
|[[Brickellia veronicifolia|Brickellia veronicifolia]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Leaf blades oblong to linear, 2–10 mm wide, margins entire ordentate; peduncles (20–)30–150 mm
|[[Brickellia venosa|Brickellia venosa]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, oblong, obovate, ovate, or subdeltate, mostly 10–75 mm wide, margins crenate to serrate; peduncles 1–15(–25) mm
|[[#key-0-25| > 25]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Peduncles (bracteate) 1–8 mm; involucres 13–15 mm; phyllar-ies 34–40
|[[Brickellia pringlei|Brickellia pringlei]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Peduncles 2–15(–25) mm; involucres 8–13 mm; phyllaries 18–24
|[[#key-0-26| > 26]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Leaf bases rounded to cordate (clasping); peduncles densely stipitate-glandular
|[[Brickellia amplexicaulis|Brickellia amplexicaulis]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Leaf bases ± cuneate; peduncles densely tomentose, often gland-dotted as well
|[[#key-0-27| > 27]]
|-id=key-0-27
|27
|Phyllaries 18–22 in 5–7 series (lengths in outer 2–3series no more than 1/2 inner)
|[[Brickellia cylindracea|Brickellia cylindracea]]
|-id=key-0-27
|27
|Phyllaries 18–20 in 3–4(–5) series (lengths in outer series grading to inner)
|[[Brickellia lemmonii|Brickellia lemmonii]]
|-id=key-0-28
|28
|Leaf blades oblong or spatulate, 1–4 mm wide
|[[Brickellia frutescens|Brickellia frutescens]]
|-id=key-0-28
|28
|Leaf blades cordate, elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, subdeltate, or suborbiculate, (3–)10–100 mm wide
|[[#key-0-29| > 29]]
|-id=key-0-29
|29
|Florets 25–50; leaf blades elliptic, oblong, or lance-linear, margins entire
|[[Brickellia oblongifolia|Brickellia oblongifolia]]
|-id=key-0-29
|29
|Florets 8–25(–45); leaf blades cordate, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, or suborbiculate, margins entire or dentate
|[[#key-0-30| > 30]]
|-id=key-0-30
|30
|Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, lance-ovate, obovate, ovate, or subdeltate
|[[#key-0-31| > 31]]
|-id=key-0-30
|30
|Leaf blades mostly cordate or ovate to suborbiculate (if oblong, peduncles viscid or glandular-villous)
|[[#key-0-33| > 33]]
|-id=key-0-31
|31
|Shrubs; cypselae usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent
|[[Brickellia dentata|Brickellia dentata]]
|-id=key-0-31
|31
|Perennials; cypselae sparsely to densely pubescent
|[[#key-0-32| > 32]]
|-id=key-0-32
|32
|Phyllaries 18–22 in 5–7 series (lengths of outers to 1/2 inners)
|[[Brickellia cylindracea|Brickellia cylindracea]]
|-id=key-0-32
|32
|Phyllaries 18–20 in 3–4(–5) series (lengths of outers evenly grading to inners)
|[[Brickellia lemmonii|Brickellia lemmonii]]
|-id=key-0-33
|33
|Stems and leaves tomentose or densely puberulent, often gland-dotted as well
|[[#key-0-34| > 34]]
|-id=key-0-33
|33
|Stems and leaves sparsely pubescent to hispidulous, often gland-dotted or glandular-villous as well
|[[#key-0-35| > 35]]
|-id=key-0-34
|34
|Involucres 8–10 mm; phyllaries 20–24; florets 8–12
|[[Brickellia desertorum|Brickellia desertorum]]
|-id=key-0-34
|34
|Involucres mostly 10–12 mm; phyllaries 30–38; florets 20–24
|[[Brickellia nevinii|Brickellia nevinii]]
|-id=key-0-35
|35
|Peduncles 0.5–2.5 mm, glandular-viscid; phyllaries 15–25
|[[Brickellia laciniata|Brickellia laciniata]]
|-id=key-0-35
|35
|Peduncles (bracteate) 2–10 mm, viscid to glandular-villous; phyllaries 30–48
|[[Brickellia microphylla|Brickellia microphylla]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Brickellia
|author=Randall W. Scott
|authority=Elliott
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America
|reference=robinson1917a
|publication title=Sketch Bot. S. Carolina
|publication year=1823
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_1237.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae
|genus=Brickellia
|array architecture=racemiform;paniculiform;cymiform;corymbiform
|base pubescence=hairy
|base size=enlarged
|blade architecture=3-nerved
|blade arrangement or shape=lance-elliptic
|blade shape=suborbiculate;spatulate;suborbiculate;spatulate;rhombic-ovate;ovate;obovate;oblong;linear;lance-rhombic;lanceovate;lanceolate;lance-linear;deltate
|branch shape=clavate
|bristle architecture=subplumose;barbellulate;barbellate
|bristle quantity=10;80
|bristle shape=plumose
|corolla coloration=yellowish;purplish;greenish;whitish;cream
|cypsela architecture or shape=10-ribbed
|cypsela pubescence=hairy;glabrate
|cypsela shape=prismatic
|face pubescence=tomentose;strigose;glandular-puberulent;glabrous;tomentose;strigose;glandular-puberulent;glabrous;tomentose;strigose;glandular-puberulent;glabrous
|floret atypical quantity=45;90
|floret quantity=8;45
|head arrangement=singly
|involucre diameter=5mm;12mm
|involucre shape=cylindric;obconic or campanulate
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf arrangement=alternate;opposite
|leaf position=cauline
|margin architecture or shape=entire;dentate
|margin shape=toothed;serrate;toothed;serrate;lobed;laciniate-dentate;crenate
|pappus duration=persistent
|phyllary architecture=nerved
|phyllary atypical quantity=45;60
|phyllary coloration or pubescence or relief=(4-)5-6(-16)-striate
|phyllary duration=persistent
|phyllary quantity=14;45
|phyllary shape=lanceolate;oblanceolate or oblong
|phyllary size=unequal
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle shape=flat;convex
|series atypical quantity=7;9
|series quantity=1;3;7
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=erect
|throat shape=cylindric
|whole-organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole_organism atypical some measurement=120cm;200cm
|whole_organism growth form=shrub;subshrub
|whole_organism some measurement=30cm;120cm
|x chromosome quantity=9
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Eupatorieae]]