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You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Bryaceae |accepted_authority=Schwagrichen |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Bryaceae |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Bryaceae]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 28 |mention_page=page 3, 10, 11, 113, 114, 118, 147, 164, 186, 191 |treatment_page=page 117 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism character;whole_organism growth form;individual arrangement;turf architecture;turf density;cushion architecture;cushion density"><b>Plants </b>acrocarpous, small to large, as scattered individuals or open to dense turfs or cushions, green, silver, white, golden, or red, often more than one color.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem architecture;stem architecture;innovation architecture;stolon presence"><b>Stems </b>sometimes julaceous, unbranched to sparsely branched by subfloral innovations, stolons absent (present in Rhodobryum);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="rhizoid quantity;rhizoid coloration;rhizoid relief;rhizoid presence">rhizoids few-to-many, color various, smooth to papillose, micronemata and/or macronemata often present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf orientation;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape"><b>Leaves </b>imbricate to variously contorted or twisted when dry, erect to erect-spreading when moist, broadly lanceolate, ovate, ovatelanceolate, obovate, or spathulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="base insertion;base insertion;base shape;base shape">base straight or curved at insertion, decurrent or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="margin shape;margin orientation;margin shape or vernation;margin architecture;margin architecture;margin architecture;limbidium presence;limbidium presence">margins plane, recurved, or revolute, 1-stratose or 2-stratose, rarely multistratose, limbidium present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="apex shape">apex broadly rounded to acute or acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="costa architecture;costa position;costa height or length or size;costa architecture;apiculu presence;band quantity;band development;band size;guide cell presence;guide cell presence">costa percurrent, subpercurrent, or short to long-excurrent, apiculus sometimes present when costa ends before apex, stereid band 1, well developed or occasionally greatly reduced, guide cells present or absent, adaxial supracostal cells irregularly to regularly quadrate or short to long-rectangular proximally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="cell shape;cell height or length or size;cell shape;cell shape;region size;region variability">alar cells usually similar to juxtacostal cells, sometimes quadrate, region small, differentiated;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="laminal cell variability">laminal cells relatively uniform or obscurely to distinctly heterogeneous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="proximal cell shape;proximal cell height or length or size;proximal cell shape">proximal cells usually quadrate, short or long-rectangular, shape often distinctly different, occasionally similar to medial and distal cells;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="">medial cells usually similar to distal cells;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="distal cell size or length;distal cell character;distal cell shape;distal cell quantity;distal cell quantity;distal cell orientation or shape;wall width;wall relief">distal cells short to very long, hexagonal to rhomboidal, sometimes vermicular, 2–10: 1, sometimes occurring in rows oblique to costa, walls thin to thick, sometimes pitted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="whole-organism development;whole-organism reproduction;whole-organism quantity;type quantity;type fusion;type shape;leaf-axil gemma shape;slender terminal shoot architecture"><b>Specialized </b>asexual reproduction common, of 7 distinct types: spheric to ovoid rhizoidal tubers, filiform rhizoidal or leaf-axil gemmae, leaf-axil bulbils, stem tubers, slender leafless terminal shoots, or leaf-axil deciduous brood branchlets.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="leaf-axil duration;leaf-axil reproduction;leaf-axil reproduction;leaf-axil reproduction;leaf-axil reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition dioicous or monoicous, sometimes polyoicous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="perigonium position;perigonium position;perichaetium position;perichaetium position">perigonia and perichaetia terminal or lateral;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="leaf size;rosette size;leaf reproduction;rosette size;inner leaf variability;inner leaf width;costa fragility">perichaetial leaves same size as vegetative leaves or usually larger, sometimes forming rosette, inner leaves usually highly differentiated, often narrower, costa weaker.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seta quantity;seta quantity;seta coloration;seta shape"><b>Seta </b>single, sometimes multiple, color various, elongate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="capsule orientation;capsule orientation;capsule orientation;capsule orientation;capsule orientation;capsule position;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule architecture;capsule some measurement"><b>Capsule </b>erect, inclined, or nutant, long-exserted, ovate, spheric, cylindric, or pyriform, occasionally zygomorphic, 1–14 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="hypophysis variability;hypophysis variability;hypophysis shape;hypophysis relief">hypophysis well differentiated or not, sometimes inflated and rugose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="exothecial cell coloration;mouth shape;mouth shape;wall width;row quantity;medial cell length or size;medial cell height or length or size;medial cell shape;wall course;wall shape">exothecial cells near mouth quadrate or short-rectangular, often reddish, walls thick, in 1–3+ rows, medial cells longer, short to long-rectangular, walls straight or sinuate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="annulus presence;annulus architecture">annulus usually present, revoluble;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="operculum shape;operculum height or length or size;operculum shape;operculum shape">operculum convex, short to long-conic, sometimes rostrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="peristome arrangement;peristome size;peristome presence;layer quantity">peristome diplolepidous-alternate, rarely reduced to 1 layer or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="exostome coloration;exostome coloration;exostome coloration;exostome coloration;exostome coloration;exostome coloration;tooth shape;pore size;pore presence">exostome white, pale-yellow, or tan, sometimes reddish, teeth triangular to lanceolate, small pores sometimes present along fissural line;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="endostome coloration;endostome arrangement;endostome fusion;basal membrane position;basal membrane height;segment width;segment architecture;cilium architecture;cilium length;cilium presence">endostome hyaline to pale-yellow, separate or sometimes adherent to exostome, basal membrane low to high, segments narrow to wide, usually broadly perforate, cilia usually appendiculate, to variously reduced in number or length or sometimes absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="calyptra duration;calyptra shape;calyptra size;calyptra architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Calyptra </b>fugacious, cucullate, small, smooth.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="spore germination;spore relief;spore coloration;spore coloration;spore coloration;spore coloration;spore coloration;spore coloration;tetrad arrangement"><b>Spores </b>shed singly or as tetrads, rarely germinating in capsule, smooth to papillose, pale-yellow, tan, or nearly hyaline, rarely darker.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Nearly worldwide |discussion=<p>Genera 15, species ca. 500 (12 genera, 93 species in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>Bryaceae is a large family of acrocarpous mosses with a global distribution. Many species are adapted to disturbed soil and somewhat weedy. Species exhibit a remarkable array of specialized asexual reproductive structures, perhaps more than in any other bryophyte family. The sporophytes occasionally appear lateral due to rapid innovating growth.</p><!-- --><p>Recent genetic research has radically changed understanding of relationships in the family. Studies have shown that Pohlia and related genera, traditionally considered part of Bryaceae, are more closely related to members of Mniaceae. Further, Orthodontium is only distantly related to Bryaceae, while Leptobryum appears to be closest to Meesiaceae (C. J. Cox and T. A. Hedderson 2003). Roellobryon may also be more closely related to Mniaceae; for the flora it has been removed to its own family. Within the recircumscribed Bryaceae, results based on morphology and genetics do not always agree (N. Pedersen et al. 2003). This treatment is based primarily on the morphology of the gametophyte. Differences between phylogenetic and morphological approaches are discussed under each genus.</p><!-- --><p>Sizes of stems and leaves in the keys are as follows; stems: short (less than 1 cm), medium (1–3 cm), long (more than 3 cm); leaves: small (less than 1.5 mm), medium (1.5–3 mm), large (3–4 mm), robust (more than 4 mm).</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Stems usually shorter than 1 cm, julaceous or sometimes gemmiform; leaves usually shorter than 1(-1.5) mm; distal laminal cells (1-)3-10:1; proximal cells quadrate or short-rectangular; specialized asexual reproduction by bulbils or absent; sexual condition dioicous |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Stems 0.1-6(-12) cm, rarely julaceous; leaves 0.2-10 mm; distal laminal cells usually 2-6:1; proximal cells quadrate or short- to long-rectangular; specialized asexual reproduction of all types may be present or absent; sexual condition dioicous, synoicous, autoicous, or polyoicous |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Plants pale green to yellow-green; stems 0.5-1.5 cm, stringlike; distal laminal cells 6-10:1, walls thick; capsules ovate-cylindric or ovate-pyriform. |[[Anomobryum|Anomobryum]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Plants white, silver-green, green, yellow-green, or brown; stems 0.2-1(-2) cm, rounded julaceous or gemmiform; distal laminal cells (1-)3-6(-8):1, walls thin to incrassate; capsules ovate or clavate. |[[Bryum|Bryum]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Stems rosulate; leaves ovate, obovate, or spathulate; margins usually serrate distally |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Stems comose, gemmiform, evenly foliate, or julaceous; leaves ovate, elliptic, oblong, spathulate, ovate-lanceolate, or triangular; margins entire to serrulate distally |[[#key-0-6| > 6]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Stolons present; leaves 3-10 mm; costal stereid bands small or absent; specialized asexual reproduction absent. |[[Rhodobryum|Rhodobryum]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Stolons absent; leaves 0.4-4.5 mm; costal stereid bands well developed; specialized asexual reproduction by rhizoidal tubers or filiform leaf axil gemmae |[[#key-0-5| > 5]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Proximal laminal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, 1-2:1; filiform leaf axil gemmae absent; capsules erect to suberect; endostome reduced. |[[Brachymenium|Brachymenium]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Proximal laminal cells rectangular, 2-4:1; filiform leaf axil gemmae sometimes present; capsules nutant to inclined; endostome well developed. |[[Rosulabryum|Rosulabryum]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Plants usually in dense cushions, pale green-silver, pinkish, or yellow-silver; leaf costal awns present, spinose, hyaline; capsules erect, oblong or cylindric; epiphytic, corticolous, saxicolous, or rarely terricolous. |[[Leptostomopsis|Leptostomopsis]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Plants usually not in dense cushions, green, yellow-green, red, brown, or pink; leaf costal awns present or absent, rarely spinose or hyaline; capsules inclined to nutant, if erect then short-ovoid; terricolous or saxicolous, rarely corticolous |[[#key-0-7| > 7]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Plants green, yellow, or red; alar cells not differentiated; perigonia and perichaetia terminal; peristome double; setae rarely somewhat twisted, not geniculate |[[#key-0-8| > 8]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Plants green, silver, pink-silver, pink-green, or red-brown; alar cells similar to juxtacostal cells or sometimes differentiated, regions small, quadrate; perigonia and perichaetia terminal or sometimes appearing lateral; peristome double, single, or absent; setae straight, flexuose, twisted, or geniculate |[[#key-0-11| > 11]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Distal laminal cells 3-8:1; proximal cells quadrate or rectangular, shorter than distal cells; stems gemmiform or evenly foliate; leaves imbricate, not contorted when dry, if somewhat twisted then rhizoidal tubers present; limbidium absent or weak, 1-stratose; rhizoidal tubers and leaf axil bulbils common |[[#key-0-9| > 9]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Distal laminal cells usually 2-4:1; proximal cells short- to long-rectangular, same length or longer than distal cells; stems comose to evenly foliate; leaves twisted to strongly contorted when dry; limbidium usually present, often strong, 1-or 2-stratose; rhizoidal tubers and filiform leaf axil gemmae sometimes present, bulbils absent |[[#key-0-10| > 10]] |-id=key-0-9 |9 |Stems usually shorter than 1 cm, gemmiform to evenly foliate; leaves 0.4-2.5(-3) mm; leaf axil bulbils often present; capsules pyriform or ovate; hypophyses sometimes inflated and rugose. |[[Gemmabryum|Gemmabryum]] |-id=key-0-9 |9 |Stems 0.5-3 cm, evenly foliate; leaves 1-3 mm; leaf axil bulbils absent; capsules pyriform to clavate; hypophyses slender, not inflated or rugose. |[[Imbribryum|Imbribryum]] |-id=key-0-10 |10 |Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or orbicular; margins entire to denticulate distally, limbidium 1- or 2-stratose; rhizoidal tubers absent, filiform leaf axil gemmae rare. |[[Ptychostomum|Ptychostomum]] |-id=key-0-10 |10 |Leaves ovate, obovate, or spathulate; margins serrate or rarely nearly entire distally, limbidium 1-stratose; rhizoidal tubers usually present, filiform leaf axil gemmae often present. |[[Rosulabryum|Rosulabryum]] |-id=key-0-11 |11 |Perigonia and perichaetia appearing lateral; capsules subglobose to pyriform; peristome absent or of exostome teeth only. |[[Haplodontium|Haplodontium]] |-id=key-0-11 |11 |Perigonia and perichaetia terminal; capsules pyriform to distinctly zygomorphic; peristome double |[[#key-0-12| > 12]] |-id=key-0-12 |12 |Capsules zygomorphic; setae often geniculate; spores adherent as tetrads, at least until maturity; plants reddish brown to green or whitish to silvery green with pink tinge; specialized asexual reproduction absent. |[[Plagiobryum|Plagiobryum]] |-id=key-0-12 |12 |Capsules not zygomorphic; setae not or rarely geniculate; spores shed singly; plants green, yellow-green, pink, or red, not silvery; specialized asexual reproduction often present |[[#key-0-13| > 13]] |-id=key-0-13 |13 |Rhizoidal tubers, when present, pyriform, brown, 40-60 µm; laminal cells usually less than 16 µm wide; alar cells quadrate. |[[Gemmabryum|Gemmabryum]] |-id=key-0-13 |13 |Rhizoidal tubers spheric, red, greater than 200 µm, or absent; laminal cells usually wider than 16 µm; alar cells usually long-rectangular. |[[Plagiobryoides|Plagiobryoides]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Bryaceae |author=John R. Spence |authority=Schwagrichen |rank=family |parent rank= |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Bryaceae |illustrator=Patricia M. Eckel |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association |distribution=Nearly worldwide |reference=None |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_184.xml |annulus architecture=revoluble |annulus presence=absent |apex shape=broadly rounded;acute or acuminate |apiculu presence=absent |band development=developed |band quantity=1 |band size=reduced |basal membrane height=high |basal membrane position=low |base insertion=curved;straight |base shape=not;decurrent |calyptra architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |calyptra duration=fugacious |calyptra shape=cucullate |calyptra size=small |capsule architecture=zygomorphic |capsule orientation=nutant;inclined;nutant;inclined;erect |capsule position=long-exserted |capsule shape=pyriform;cylindric;pyriform;cylindric;spheric;ovate |capsule some measurement=1mm;14mm |cell height or length or size=short |cell shape=quadrate;long-rectangular;quadrate |cilium architecture=appendiculate |cilium length=reduced |cilium presence=absent |costa architecture=long-excurrent;percurrent |costa fragility=weaker |costa height or length or size=short |costa position=subpercurrent |cushion architecture=open |cushion density=dense |distal cell character=length |distal cell orientation or shape=oblique |distal cell quantity=1;2;10 |distal cell shape=hexagonal;rhomboidal |distal cell size or length=short to very |endostome arrangement=separate |endostome coloration=hyaline;pale-yellow |endostome fusion=adherent |exostome coloration=reddish;tan;pale-yellow;tan;pale-yellow;white |exothecial cell coloration=reddish |guide cell presence=absent;absent |hypophysis relief=rugose |hypophysis shape=inflated |hypophysis variability=not;differentiated |individual arrangement=scattered |inner leaf variability=differentiated |inner leaf width=narrower |innovation architecture=subfloral |laminal cell variability=relatively uniform or;obscurely distinctly heterogeneous |layer quantity=1 |leaf architecture=twisted |leaf arrangement=imbricate;variously contorted |leaf orientation=erect;erect-spreading |leaf reproduction=vegetative |leaf shape=spathulate;obovate;spathulate;obovate;ovatelanceolate;ovate;lanceolate |leaf size=vegetative |leaf-axil duration=deciduous |leaf-axil gemma shape=filiform |leaf-axil reproduction=polyoicous;monoicous;dioicous;sexual |limbidium presence=absent;absent |margin architecture=multistratose;2-stratose;1-stratose |margin orientation=recurved |margin shape=plane |margin shape or vernation=revolute |medial cell height or length or size=short |medial cell length or size=longer |medial cell shape=long-rectangular |mouth shape=short-rectangular;quadrate |operculum height or length or size=short |operculum shape=rostrate;long-conic;convex |perichaetium position=lateral;terminal |perigonium position=lateral;terminal |peristome arrangement=diplolepidous-alternate |peristome presence=absent |peristome size=reduced |pore presence=absent |pore size=small |proximal cell height or length or size=short |proximal cell shape=long-rectangular;quadrate |region size=small |region variability=differentiated |rhizoid coloration=various |rhizoid presence=absent |rhizoid quantity=few;many |rhizoid relief=smooth;papillose |rosette size=larger;larger |row quantity=1;3 |segment architecture=perforate |segment width=narrow;wide |seta coloration=various |seta quantity=multiple;single |seta shape=elongate |slender terminal shoot architecture=leafless |spore coloration=darker;hyaline;tan;hyaline;tan;pale-yellow |spore germination=germinating |spore relief=smooth;papillose |stem architecture=unbranched;sparsely branched |stolon presence=absent |tetrad arrangement=singly |tooth shape=triangular;lanceolate |turf architecture=open |turf density=dense |type fusion=distinct |type quantity=7 |type shape=spheric;ovoid |wall course=straight |wall relief=pitted |wall shape=sinuate |wall width=thick;thin;thick |whole-organism development=specialized |whole-organism quantity=common |whole-organism reproduction=asexual |whole_organism character=more than one color |whole_organism coloration=red;golden;red;golden;white;silver;green |whole_organism growth form=plant |whole_organism size=small;large }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]] Templates used on this page: Bryaceae Illustrations (view source) Template:Bryaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Return to Bryaceae.