View source for Callirhoë

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Callirhoë
|accepted_authority=Nuttall
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
|place=2: 181. 1821
|year=1821
}}
|common_names=Poppy mallow;wine cup;wild hollyhock
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Malvaceae;Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae;Callirhoë
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Malvaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Callirhoë]]</div></div>
|etymology=Derivation uncertain; possibly Greek kallos, beautiful, and rhoias, corn poppy, alluding to resemblance
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 216, 219
|treatment_page=page 240
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form;hair arrangement or shape;hair architecture"><b>Herbs,</b> annual, perennial, or sometimes biennial, hairy, hairs stellate, 4-rayed, and/or simple, or plants glabrous and glaucous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation"><b>Stems </b>erect, ascending, or decumbent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule duration;stipule duration;stipule duration;stipule duration;stipule shape;stipule shape;stipule shape;stipule shape;stipule shape;stipule shape"><b>Leaves:</b> stipules persistent, caducous, or tardily deciduous, ovate, linearlanceolate to subulate, auriculate, or rhombic-ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="blade architecture;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade architecture or shape;blade architecture or shape;blade shape;base shape;base shape;base shape;margin quantity">blade often pedate, suborbiculate, cordate, ovate, triangular, or hastate, palmately cleft or entire and crenate, base truncate, cordate, or sagittate to hastate, margins 1 per carpel;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="style architecture">styles 10–28-branched;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="stigma shape;stigma shape">stigmas introrsely decurrent, filiform.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="fruits schizocarp orientation;fruits schizocarp shape;fruits schizocarp shape;fruits schizocarp shape;fruits schizocarp texture;fruits schizocarp architecture or coloration or relief;fruits schizocarp relief;fruits schizocarp pubescence;fruits schizocarp pubescence;fruits schizocarp dehiscence;fruits schizocarp dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>schizocarps, erect, not inflated, oblate or depressed-discoid, indurate, reticulate and rugose, strigose or glabrous, indehiscent or dehiscent (annual species only);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="mericarp quantity;mericarp architecture;mericarp architecture or shape;mericarp architecture or shape;mericarp coloration;mericarp coloration;mericarp coloration;distal locule reproduction;distal locule position;distal locule architecture">mericarps 10–28, 2-celled, prominently obtusely beaked or not, drying tan or brown, distal locule sterile, lower 1-seeded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>1 per locule, reniform or reniform-pyriform (annual species only), glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;seed shape;seed pubescence;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 14, 15.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=United States;n Mexico
|discussion=<p>Species 9 (9 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Several species of Callirhoë are gynodioecious; populations of C. alcaeoides, C. involucrata, and C. leiocarpa have individuals with either bisexual or functionally pistillate (that is, male-sterile) flowers. In these species the functionally pistillate flowers can be recognized by their reduced number of anther sacs, failure of these anther sacs to dehisce, stigmatic lobes often conspicuous at early anthesis, reduced petal size, and in C. alcaeoides shorter calyx lobe length. A few populations of C. pedata in Arkansas exhibit a corolla size dimorphism suggesting that this species too may be gynodioecious. Several species of Callirhoë are cultivated and may escape. All taxa of this genus occur within the flora area except C. involucrata var. tenuissima Palmer ex Baker f., which is wholly Mexican.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Involucellar bractlets (1–)3
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Involucellar bractlets 0
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Calyx lobes divergent in bud, not forming point.
|[[Callirhoë involucrata|Callirhoë involucrata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Calyx lobes valvate in bud, forming apiculate or acuminate point
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Involucellar bractlets spatulate or obovate; mericarps dehiscent; leaf blades triangular or ovate-lanceolate, unlobed or shallowly 3- or 5-lobed.
|[[Callirhoë triangulata|Callirhoë triangulata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Involucellar bractlets linear, lanceolate, or ovate; mericarps indehiscent; leaf blades cordate, ovate, suborbiculate, hastate, or triangular, 3-, 5-, or 7-lobed
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems 1(–6), stiffly erect, densely hairy (hairs stellate, 6–8-rayed); mericarps hairy.
|[[Callirhoë scabriuscula|Callirhoë scabriuscula]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems 1–10, weakly erect, ascending, or decumbent, glabrate or hairy (hairs stellate, mostly 4-rayed); mericarps sparsely hairy
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blade lobes broad, oblong or obovate; involucellar bractlets lanceolate or ovate, 8–22 × 1–4 mm; stems hairy (hairs stellate, 4-rayed and often simple, spreading or retrorse).
|[[Callirhoë bushii|Callirhoë bushii]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blade lobes narrowly lanceolate, linear, linear-falcate, or lanceolate-falcate; involucellar bractlets narrowly linear, 2–10.5 × 0.1–0.7 mm; stems hairy (hairs stellate, 4-rayed or simple) or sometimes glabrate.
|[[Callirhoë papaver|Callirhoë papaver]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Annuals (biennials); stipules auriculate; mericarp beaks subtended by 3-lobed collars.
|[[Callirhoë leiocarpa|Callirhoë leiocarpa]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Perennials; stipules linear-lanceolate, lanceolate to ovate or subulate; mericarp beaks subtended by 2-lobed, weakly developed collars or collars absent
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Mericarps hairy, beaks prominent, protruding beyond seed-containing portions, forming distal 1/4–1/3 of each mericarp
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Mericarps glabrous or sparingly hairy, beaks not prominent, not or only slightly elevated beyond seed-containing portions, forming less than distal 1/4 of each mericarp
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Inflorescences racemose; flowers (in population samples) usually bisexual, rarely functionally pistillate; petals usually reddish purple, rarely white or pink.
|[[Callirhoë pedata|Callirhoë pedata]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Inflorescences racemose, racemes often appearing corymbose or subumbellate; flowers (in population samples) bisexual or functionally pistillate; petals white, pink, or mauve.
|[[Callirhoë alcaeoides|Callirhoë alcaeoides]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Stipules caducous; inflorescences paniculate; leaf blades (3–)5–10-lobed.
|[[Callirhoë digitata|Callirhoë digitata]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Stipules persistent; inflorescences racemose; leaf blades 3–5-lobed
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Stems glabrous; leaf blades with simple hairs abaxially.
|[[Callirhoë pedata|Callirhoë pedata]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Stems hairy (hairs stellate, 4-rayed or simple) or sometimes glabrate; leaf blades hairy (hairs 4-rayed and simple) abaxially.
|[[Callirhoë papaver|Callirhoë papaver]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Callirhoë
|author=Laurence J. Dorr
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Malvaceae
|distribution=United States;n Mexico
|reference=None
|publication title=J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
|publication year=1821
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V6/V6_430.xml
|subfamily=Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae
|genus=Callirhoë
|base shape=sagittate;hastate
|blade architecture=pedate
|blade architecture or shape=entire;cleft
|blade shape=crenate;hastate;triangular;hastate;triangular;ovate;cordate;suborbiculate
|distal locule architecture=1-seeded
|distal locule position=lower
|distal locule reproduction=sterile
|fruits schizocarp architecture or coloration or relief=reticulate
|fruits schizocarp dehiscence=dehiscent;indehiscent
|fruits schizocarp orientation=erect
|fruits schizocarp pubescence=glabrous;strigose
|fruits schizocarp relief=rugose
|fruits schizocarp shape=depressed-discoid;oblate;not inflated
|fruits schizocarp texture=indurate
|hair architecture=simple
|hair arrangement or shape=stellate
|margin quantity=1
|mericarp architecture=2-celled
|mericarp architecture or shape=not;beaked
|mericarp coloration=brown;tan;drying
|mericarp quantity=10;28
|seed pubescence=glabrous
|seed quantity=1
|seed shape=reniform-pyriform;reniform
|stem orientation=decumbent;ascending;decumbent;ascending;erect
|stigma shape=filiform;decurrent
|stipule duration=deciduous;caducous;deciduous;caducous;persistent
|stipule shape=rhombic-ovate;auriculate;rhombic-ovate;auriculate;subulate;ovate
|style architecture=10-28-branched
|whole_organism duration=biennial;perennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=plant;herb
|whole_organism pubescence=glaucous;glabrous;hairy
|x chromosome quantity=15;14
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae]]