View source for Camassia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Camassia
|accepted_authority=Lindley
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Edwards’s Bot. Reg.
|place=18: plate 1486. 1832
|year=1832
}}
|common_names=Camas;quamash
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Liliaceae;Camassia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Camassia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Shoshone name camas or quamash
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 20, 21, 58, 82, 308
|treatment_page=page 303
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from bulbs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bulb architecture or arrangement or growth form;bulb arrangement or growth form;bulb architecture;bulb shape"><b>Bulbs </b>solitary or clustered, tunicate, ovoid to globose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="tunic coloration;tunic coloration">tunic black or brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>basal, appearing whorled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade arrangement or course or shape;blade shape">blade linear, keeled.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>appearing terminal, racemose, bracteate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bract reproduction;bract reproduction;bract shape">bracts sterile or subtending flowers, narrowly lanceolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>actinomorphic or zygomorphic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="tepal quantity;tepal duration;tepal variability;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal architecture;tepal shape;tepal architecture;whorl quantity">tepals 6, persistent, ± equal in 2 whorls of 3, distinct, violet, blue, or white, each 3–9-veined, lanceolate, ± twisted in drying;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 6;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="filament size">filaments inserted on receptacles at base of tepals, slender;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther fixation;anther dehiscence">anthers versatile, dehiscence introrse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;septal nectary presence;ovule quantity">ovary 3-locular, septal nectaries present, ovules 6–36;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="style shape">style filiform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stigma shape">stigma 3-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pedicel orientation">pedicel spreading to incurving-erect in fruit.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit shape;fruit dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular, ovoid to ellipsoid or subglobose, dehiscence loculicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed quantity;seed reflectance;seed coloration;seed shape;seed some measurement;x chromosome quantity"><b>Seeds </b>6–36, lustrous black, obpyriform to ovoid-ellipsoid, 2–4 mm. <b>x</b> = 15.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America
|discussion=<p>Species 6 (6 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Cmassia has been associated with other western North American genera of Liliaceae such as Schoenolirion, Hastingsia, and especially Chlorogalum (F. Speta 1998; M. Pfosser and F. Speta 1999), but recent molecular evidence (D. J. Bogler and B. B. Simpson 1996; M. F. Fay and M. W. Chase 1996) suggests that it may be related instead to the Agavaceae. Furthermore, the bimodal, 2n = 30 karyology of Camassia (A. Fernandez and J. R. Davina 1991) is similar to that of Agavaceae (D. Satô 1935) and not that of Chlorogalum.</p><!--
--><p>Camassia bulbs have been an important food staple for native Americans, especially in the Pacific Northwest (G. R. Downing and L. S. Furniss 1968; N. J. Turner and H. V. Kuhnlein 1983), where bulbs were dug and traded on large encampment meadows. Similarity to the poisonous bulbs of Zigadenus (“death camas”) is a concern where ranges of the two genera overlap. Several Camassia species are cultivated and represent a major horticultural contribution from the native flora.</p><!--
--><p>Variation and intergradation of C. angusta and C. scilloides have been reviewed by T. A. Ranker and A. F. Schnabel (1986), as well as J. A. Steyermark (1961), R. O. Erickson (1941), and F. W. Gould (1942).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Tepals connivent over capsules after anthesis and deciduous as capsules develop, or withering separately.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Tepals mostly withering separately at base of capsules after anthesis, sometimes connivent over capsules, not deciduous.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Fruiting pedicels usually incurving-erect (often with capsules closely appressed to raceme axes); flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic [5 tepals curving upward, the 6th downward; usually (4–)10–35(–58) blooming simultaneously, except on few-flowered individuals]; tepals long-persistent on fruiting racemes.
|[[Camassia quamash|Camassia quamash]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Fruiting pedicels usually spreading-erect (capsules not appressed to raceme axes); flowers actinomorphic (usually 1–3 blooming simultaneously); tepals connivent over capsules after anthesis, deciduous as capsules develop.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules dull green, ovoid to ellipsoid, 10–25 mm; seeds 6–12 per locule; s British Columbia to c California.
|[[Camassia leichtlinii|Camassia leichtlinii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules shiny green, subglobose, 5–10 mm; seeds 2–5 per locule; sw Oregon.
|[[Camassia howellii|Camassia howellii]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Capsules subglobose or ovoid-ellipsoid; e Great Plains to Appalachians and Great Lakes to s United States.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Capsules ovoid or ellipsoid; s British Columbia, s Alberta, nw United States.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Inflorescences 19–47 cm, with 0–5 sterile bracts; fruiting pedicels mostly spreading-erect; capsules subglobose; flowering earlier than sympatric populations of Camassia angusta.
|[[Camassia scilloides|Camassia scilloides]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Inflorescences 27–87 cm, with 3–28 sterile bracts; fruiting pedicels mostly incurving-erect; capsules ovoid-ellipsoid; flowering later than sympatric populations of Camassia scilloides.
|[[Camassia angusta|Camassia angusta]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Bulbs usually clustered, ellipsoid, 2–7 cm diam.; leaves rarely fewer than 10, 2–5 cm wide; ne Oregon and adjacent Idaho.
|[[Camassia cusickii|Camassia cusickii]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Bulbs seldom clustered, globose, 1–5 cm diam.; leaves usually fewer than 10, 4–20 mm wide; widespread in Pacific Northwest.
|[[Camassia quamash|Camassia quamash]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Camassia
|author=Tom A. Ranker;Tim Hogan
|authority=Lindley
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Liliaceae
|distribution=North America
|reference=None
|publication title=Edwards’s Bot. Reg.
|publication year=1832
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_589.xml
|genus=Camassia
|anther dehiscence=introrse
|anther fixation=versatile
|blade arrangement or course or shape=linear
|blade shape=keeled
|bract reproduction=subtending flowers;sterile
|bract shape=lanceolate
|bulb architecture=tunicate
|bulb architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|bulb arrangement or growth form=clustered
|bulb shape=ovoid;globose
|filament size=slender
|flower architecture=zygomorphic;actinomorphic
|fruit architecture=capsular
|fruit dehiscence=loculicidal
|fruit shape=ovoid;ellipsoid or subglobose
|inflorescence architecture=bracteate
|inflorescence arrangement=racemose
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf arrangement=whorled
|leaf position=basal
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|ovule quantity=6;36
|pedicel orientation=spreading;incurving-erect
|seed coloration=black
|seed quantity=6;36
|seed reflectance=lustrous
|seed shape=obpyriform;ovoid-ellipsoid
|seed some measurement=2mm;4mm
|septal nectary presence=absent
|stamen quantity=6
|stigma shape=3-lobed
|style shape=filiform
|tepal architecture=twisted;3-9-veined
|tepal coloration=white;blue;white;blue
|tepal duration=persistent
|tepal quantity=6
|tepal shape=lanceolate
|tepal variability=equal
|tunic coloration=brown;black
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whorl quantity=2
|x chromosome quantity=15
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Liliaceae]]