View source for Carduus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carduus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 820. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 358. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Plumeless thistle;chardon
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Carduus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carduus]]</div></div>
|etymology=From ancient name of thistlelike plant
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 57, 66, 83, 96, 97, 122
|treatment_page=page 91
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism architecture or shape;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism duration;whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism architecture or shape;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism duration"><b>Annuals </b>or biennials [perennials], 30–200 (–400) cm, spiny, ± tomentose, sometimes glabrate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect, simple to much branched, (spiny-winged).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade margin architecture or shape;blade margin architecture or shape;blade margin shape;face pubescence;face pubescence;face architecture">blade margins spiny dentate, often 1–2-pinnately lobed, faces glabrous or hairy, eglandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head architecture or shape;head arrangement;head quantity"><b>Heads </b>discoid, borne singly or 2–20 in dense clusters or corymbiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="involucre shape">(Peduncles naked or leafy-bracteate, spiny-winged or not winged.) Involucres cylindric to spheric.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="phyllary quantity;phyllary shape;series quantity;base fixation or orientation;margin architecture or shape;apex orientation;apex shape;apex architecture or shape"><b>Phyllaries </b>many in 7–10+ series, linear to broadly ovate, bases appressed, margins entire, apices ascending to spreading or reflexed, acute, spine-tipped.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="receptacle prominence or shape;receptacle architecture;scale shape"><b>Receptacles </b>flat, epaleate, bearing setiform scales (“flattened bristles”).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>several–many;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla arrangement;tube length or size;tube size;throat height or length or size;throat shape;throat size;lobe arrangement or course or shape">corollas white to pink or purple, ± bilateral, tubes long, slender, throats short, campanulate, abruptly expanded from tubes, lobes linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther base shape;apical appendage shape">anther bases sharply short-tailed, apical appendages oblong;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="portion fusion;basal node pubescence;basal node shape;basal node relief;portion pubescence;portion fusion;portion height or length or size">style-branches: fused portions with slightly, minutely puberulent, swollen basal nodes, distally papillate or glabrous, distinct portions very short.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;face architecture or pubescence or relief;face pubescence;attachment scar position"><b>Cypselae </b>ovoid, slightly compressed, faces smooth, glabrous, attachment scars slightly lateral;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="bristle quantity;bristle architecture or shape;bristle fusion;scale shape;scale architecture or shape">pappi persistent or falling in rings, of many minutely barbed, basally connate bristles or setiform, minutely barbed scales (“minutely flattened bristles”).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pappus duration;pappus life cycle;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 13.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia;Africa
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 90 (5 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=batra1981a
|text=Batra, S. W. T., J. R. Coulson, P. H. Dunn, and P. E. Boldt. 1981. Insects and Fungi Associated with Carduus Thistles (Compositae). Washington. [U.S.D.A. Techn. Bull. 1616.]
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=desrochers1988a
|text=Desrochers, A. M., J. F. Bain, and S. I. Warwick. 1988b. The biology of Canadian weeds. 89. Carduus nutans L. and Carduus acanthoides L. Canad. J. Plant Sci. 68: 1053–1068.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=desrochers1988b
|text=Desrochers, A. M. , J. F. Bain, and S. I. Warwick. 1988. A biosystematic study of the Carduus nutans complex in Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 66: 1621–1631.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=franco1976a
|text=Franco, J. do A. 1976. Carduus. In: T. G. Tutin et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora Europaea. 5 vols. Cambridge. Vol. 4, pp. 220–232.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=kazmi1964a
|text=Kazmi, S. M. A. 1964. Revision der Gattung Carduus (Compositae). Teil II. Mitt. Bot. Staatssaml. München 5: 279–550.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Phyllary appendages 2–7 mm wide, usually wider than appressed bases; peduncles often elongate, distally wingless; heads often nodding, usually borne singly or in leafy corymbiform arrays; involucres 20–70 mm diam
|[[Carduus nutans|Carduus nutans]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Phyllary appendages 0.5–1.5 mm wide, usually narrower than appressed bases; peduncles short, if present, usually winged throughout or wingless only near tip; heads erect, 1–many, often clustered at branch tips; involucres 7–30 mm diam
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Involucres spheric or hemispheric
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Involucres cylindric or narrowly ellipsoid
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Corollas 13–20 mm; heads 18–25 mm; involucres 14–20 mm; abaxial leaf faces glabrate except for long, curled, septate hairs along veins
|[[Carduus acanthoides|Carduus acanthoides]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Corollas 11–16 mm; heads 15–18 mm; involucres 12–17 mm; abaxial leaf faces sparsely to densely tomentose with fine, nonseptate hairs and often with curled, septate hairs along veins as well
|[[Carduus crispus|Carduus crispus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads 1–5 at ends of branches; phyllaries not scarious-margined, ± persistently tomentose, distally scabrous on margins and faces
|[[Carduus pycnocephalus|Carduus pycnocephalus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads 5–20 at ends of branches; phyllaries scarious-margined, glabrous or spar- ingly tomentose, distally ciliolate or glabrous
|[[Carduus tenuiflorus|Carduus tenuiflorus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carduus
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Eurasia;Africa
|introduced=true
|reference=batra1981a;desrochers1988a;desrochers1988b;franco1976a;kazmi1964a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_43.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Carduus
|anther base shape=short-tailed
|apex architecture or shape=spine-tipped
|apex orientation=ascending;spreading or reflexed
|apex shape=acute
|apical appendage shape=oblong
|attachment scar position=lateral
|basal node pubescence=puberulent
|basal node relief=papillate
|basal node shape=swollen
|base fixation or orientation=appressed
|blade margin architecture or shape=dentate;spiny
|blade margin shape=lobed
|bristle architecture or shape=barbed
|bristle fusion=connate
|bristle quantity=many
|corolla arrangement=bilateral
|corolla coloration=white;pink or purple
|cypsela shape=compressed;ovoid
|face architecture=eglandular
|face architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|face pubescence=glabrous;hairy;glabrous
|floret quantity=several;many
|head architecture or shape=discoid
|head arrangement=singly
|head quantity=2;20
|involucre shape=cylindric;spheric
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe arrangement or course or shape=linear
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|pappus duration=persistent
|pappus life cycle=falling
|phyllary quantity=many
|phyllary shape=linear;broadly ovate
|portion fusion=distinct;fused
|portion height or length or size=short
|portion pubescence=glabrous
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle prominence or shape=flat
|scale architecture or shape=barbed
|scale shape=setiform;setiform
|series quantity=7;10
|stem architecture=branched;simple to much
|stem orientation=erect
|throat height or length or size=short
|throat shape=campanulate
|throat size=expanded
|tube length or size=long
|tube size=slender
|whole-organism architecture or shape=spiny;spiny
|whole-organism atypical some measurement=200cm;400cm
|whole-organism duration=biennial;annual
|whole-organism pubescence=glabrate;tomentose;glabrate;tomentose
|whole-organism some measurement=30cm;200cm
|x chromosome quantity=13;11;10;9;8
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]