View source for Carpinus ← Carpinus You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Carpinus |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=2: 998. 175 }}, {{Treatment/Publication |title=Gen. Pl. ed. |place=5, 432. 1754 |year=1754 }} |common_names=Hornbeam |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae;Carpinus |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Betulaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carpinus]]</div></div> |etymology=Latin carpinus, hornbeam, possibly from carpentum, a Roman horse-drawn vehicle with wheels made from its hard wood |volume=Volume 3 |mention_page= |treatment_page= }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Trees,</b> 8–25 m;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="trunk quantity;trunk architecture;trunk architecture or texture;trunk shape;trunk shape;branch shape;branch shape">trunks usually 1, branching mostly deliquescent, trunk and branches irregularly longitudinally ridged, fluted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bark coloration;bark width;bark architecture or pubescence or relief;bark arrangement"><b>Bark </b>of trunk and branches bluish to brownish gray, thin, smooth, close [thicker, broken or shredded];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="lenticel prominence">lenticels generally inconspicuous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="wood coloration;wood texture;wood texture"><b>Wood </b>nearly white to light-brown, very hard and heavy, texture fine.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="twig arrangement"><b>Branches,</b> branchlets, and twigs conspicuously 2-ranked;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="twig life cycle;twig variability;short-shoot length or size">young twigs differentiated into long and short-shoots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bud season;bud architecture;bud shape;bud shape;apex shape"><b>Winter </b>buds sessile, ovoid, 4-angled in cross-section, apex acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="scale quantity;scale arrangement;scale architecture or pubescence or relief">scales many, imbricate, smooth.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="leaf arrangement;short-shoot length or size"><b>Leaves </b>on long and short-shoots, 2-ranked.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;lateral-vein width;margin architecture or shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade narrowly ovate to ovate, elliptic, or obovate with 10 or more pairs of lateral-veins, 3–12 × 3–6 cm, thin, margins doubly serrate to serrulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="surface pubescence;gland size">surfaces abaxially glabrous to tomentose, sometimes covered with small glands.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="catkin architecture;catkin architecture or arrangement or growth form;catkin architecture or arrangement or growth form;catkin size;season size;season arrangement;season arrangement;season position;season growth order"><b>Inflorescences:</b> staminate catkins solitary or in small racemose clusters, lateral, formed previous growing season and enclosed [exposed] in buds during winter, expanding with leaves;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="catkin architecture;catkin position or shape;catkin architecture;catkin architecture or arrangement or growth form;catkin orientation;catkin shape;growth height or length or size;growth architecture;growth life cycle">pistillate catkins distal to staminate on short, leafy new growth, solitary, ± erect, elongate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="bract arrangement or density;flower arrangement or density">bracts and flowers uncrowded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="flower architecture;flower arrangement;catkin quantity;receptacle pubescence"><b>Staminate </b>flowers in catkins 3 per scale, crowded together on pilose receptacle;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;stamen height or length or size">stamens 3 (–6), short;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="filament fusion;filament dehiscence">filaments often distinct part-way to base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="anther shape;anther architecture or structure in adjective form;part quantity;apex pubescence;flower architecture;flower quantity">anthers divided into 2 parts, each 1-locular, apex pilose, Pistillate flowers 2 per bract.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="infructescence architecture or fragility;infructescence arrangement;infructescence arrangement;infructescence arrangement;infructescence orientation;infructescence shape;bract arrangement"><b>Infructescences </b>loose racemose clusters of paired bracts, clusters pendulous, elongate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="bract arrangement;bract duration;bract size;bract shape;bract shape;bract architecture;bract position;bract quantity">paired bracts deciduous with fruit, expanded, (1–) 3-lobed, variously toothed, foliaceous, each bract subtending 1 fruit.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="nutlet size;sepal duration"><b>Fruits </b>small nutlets, deltoid, longitudinally ribbed, often crowned with persistent sepals and styles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="fruit shape;fruit architecture or shape;fruit architecture;x chromosome quantity">x = 8.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Mostly north temperate zone;Europe;Asia (s to India);Asia (Iran) |discussion=<p>Species ca. 25 (1 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>In the flora, Carpinus consists of a single native species, C. caroliniana, which is composed of two fairly distinctive geographic races (J. J. Furlow 1987, 1987b), treated here as subspecies. Worldwide it includes about 25 species, some of which become large trees. The European C. betulus is frequently planted in North America and persists long after other signs of human development have vanished. It seldom escapes, however, and it has not become naturalized. In the mountains of Mexico and Central America, the larger C. tropicalis (Donnell Smith) Lundell is widespread in the temperate forest zone.</p><!-- --><p>Closely related to Ostrya, Carpinus is easily recognized by its smooth, gray, often fluted stems and racemose infructescences consisting of pairs of uncrowded, foliaceous, 3-lobed bracts, each subtending a small triangular nutlet. The staminate (but not the pistillate) catkins develop in the autumn and are enclosed within buds throughout the winter prior to anthesis (in Ostrya, these are exposed during the winter). The pistillate catkins are produced on the first new growth in the spring.</p><!-- --><p>Of relatively minor economic importance, Carpinus has limited use for its very hard wood, especially in Europe, where it is used for making mallet heads, tool handles, levers, and other small, hard, wooden objects.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Carpinus |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=subfamily |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Betulaceae |distribution=Mostly north temperate zone;Europe;Asia (s to India);Asia (Iran) |reference=None |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. |publication year=;1754 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_67.xml |subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae |genus=Carpinus |anther architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular |anther shape=divided |apex pubescence=pilose |apex shape=acute |bark architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |bark arrangement=close |bark coloration=bluish;brownish gray |bark width=thin |bract architecture=foliaceous |bract arrangement=paired;paired |bract arrangement or density=uncrowded |bract duration=deciduous |bract position=subtending |bract quantity=1 |bract shape=toothed;(1-)3-lobed |bract size=expanded |branch shape=fluted;ridged |bud architecture=sessile |bud season=winter |bud shape=4-angled;ovoid |catkin architecture=staminate;pistillate;staminate |catkin architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary;in small racemose clusters , lateral , formed previous growing season;solitary |catkin orientation=erect |catkin position or shape=distal |catkin quantity=3 |catkin shape=elongate |catkin size=expanding |filament dehiscence=part-way |filament fusion=distinct |flower architecture=pistillate;staminate |flower arrangement=crowded |flower arrangement or density=uncrowded |flower quantity=2 |fruit architecture=crowned |fruit architecture or shape=ribbed |fruit shape=deltoid |gland size=small |growth architecture=leafy |growth height or length or size=short |growth life cycle=new |infructescence architecture or fragility=loose |infructescence arrangement=cluster;cluster;racemose |infructescence orientation=pendulous |infructescence shape=elongate |lateral-vein width=3cm;6cm |leaf arrangement=2-ranked |leaf-blade length=3cm;12cm |leaf-blade shape=narrowly ovate;ovate elliptic or obovate |leaf-blade width=thin |lenticel prominence=inconspicuous |margin architecture or shape=doubly serrate;serrulate |nutlet size=small |part quantity=2 |receptacle pubescence=pilose |scale architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |scale arrangement=imbricate |scale quantity=many |season arrangement=cluster;racemose |season growth order=previous |season position=lateral |season size=small |sepal duration=persistent |short-shoot length or size=long;long |stamen atypical quantity=3;6 |stamen height or length or size=short |stamen quantity=3 |surface pubescence=abaxially glabrous;tomentose |trunk architecture=branching |trunk architecture or texture=deliquescent |trunk quantity=1 |trunk shape=fluted;ridged |twig arrangement=2-ranked |twig life cycle=young |twig variability=differentiated |whole_organism growth form=tree |whole_organism some measurement=8m;25m |wood coloration=nearly white;light-brown |wood texture=fine;hard |x chromosome quantity=8 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Betulaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Carpinus.