View source for Castanea ← Castanea You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Castanea |accepted_authority=Miller |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. |place=4. 1754 |year=1754 }} |common_names=Chestnut;châtaignier |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Fagaceae;Castanea |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fagaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Castanea]]</div></div> |etymology=Classical Latin, from Greek kastanaion karuon, nut from Castania, probably referring either to Kastanaia in Pontus or Castana in Thessaly |volume=Volume 3 |mention_page= |treatment_page= }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, winter-deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="terminal bud presence;pseudoterminal bud shape;outer scale quantity;outer scale size;outer scale arrangement;inner scale quantity;inner scale arrangement"><b>Terminal </b>buds absent, pseudoterminal bud (axillary bud of youngest leaf) ovoid, with 2 unequal opposite outer scales enclosing several imbricate inner scales.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stipule prominence;stipule duration;growth life cycle"><b>Leaves:</b> stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf-blade width;leaf-blade texture;secondary-vein architecture;secondary-vein arrangement;tooth shape;awn shape;awn development"><b>Leaf-</b>blade thin, somewhat leathery, secondary-veins unbranched, ±parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in sharp tooth or well-developed awn.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence reproduction;inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence orientation;inflorescence texture;inflorescence fragility"><b>Inflorescences </b>staminate or androgynous, axillary, spicate, erect, rigid or flexible;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture">androgynous inflorescences with pistillate cupules/flowers toward base and staminate flowers distally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower architecture;sepal fusion"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: sepals distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;pistillode position relational;pistillode texture;hair pubescence">stamens 12 (-18), typically surrounding indurate pistillode covered with silky hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower architecture;flower quantity"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers 1-3 per cupule;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="sepal fusion">sepals distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="style atypical quantity;style quantity">carpels and styles typically 6 (-9).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties=""><b>Fruits:</b> maturation in 1st year following pollination (termed annual by many authors);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="cupule architecture;valve fusion;valve life cycle;valve architecture or shape;spine architecture;spine position relational;hair architecture">cupule 2-4-valved, valves connate marginally until maturity, ±completely enclosing nut (s), spiny, spines irregularly branched, often interlocking, densely or sparsely covered in simple hairs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="nut quantity;nut shape;nut quantity;central nut size;central nut shape;central nut architecture or arrangement or growth form;central nut shape;central nut architecture">nuts 1-3 per cupule, planoconvex, or if 3, then central nut often reduced and flattened, or if solitary, then often rounded in cross-section, not winged, adjacent nuts not separated by internal cupule valves.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="nut arrangement;nut arrangement;x chromosome quantity">x = 12.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;Europe;Asia |discussion=<p>Species ca. 8-10 (3 in the flora, often interpreted as 2).</p><!-- --><p>As evidenced by United States breeding programs, all species are probably interfertile (including American × Asian species). Local morphologic intergradation between species is to be expected.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Cupules 4-valved, enclosing 3 flowers/fruits; leaf blade abaxially without stellate trichomes, appearing glabrous, with minute multicellular glands, these often embedded on blade, and simple trichomes on veins; nut obovate, flattened at least on 1 side, beak thin, flexible, to 8 mm or more excluding styles. |[[Castanea dentata|Castanea dentata]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Cupules 2-valved, enclosing 1 flower/fruit; leaf blade abaxially bearing stellate trichomes (occasionally visible only with magnification), often with simple trichomes on veins; nut round in cross section, ovoid-conic, beak less than 3mm excluding styles. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Longest spines of cupule often exceeding 10 mm; young twigs glabrous; petiole usually 8–10(–15) mm; bark brownish, moderately to deeply fissured. |[[Castanea ozarkensis|Castanea ozarkensis]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Longest spines of cupule usually less than 10 mm; young twigs puberulent (sometimes glabrate with age); petiole usually 3–7(–10) mm; bark gray to brown, smooth, not fissured or only shallowly fissured. |[[Castanea pumila|Castanea pumila]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Castanea |authority=Miller |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Fagaceae |distribution=North America;Europe;Asia |reference=None |publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. |publication year=1754 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_684.xml |genus=Castanea |awn development=well-developed |awn shape=sharp |central nut architecture=not winged |central nut architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |central nut shape=rounded;flattened |central nut size=reduced |cupule architecture=2-4-valved |flower architecture=pistillate;staminate;staminate;staminate;pistillate |flower quantity=1;3 |growth life cycle=new |hair architecture=simple |hair pubescence=silky |inflorescence architecture=spicate;staminate |inflorescence fragility=pliable |inflorescence orientation=erect |inflorescence position=axillary |inflorescence reproduction=androgynous;androgynous |inflorescence texture=rigid |inner scale arrangement=imbricate |inner scale quantity=several |leaf-blade texture=leathery |leaf-blade width=thin |nut arrangement=not separated;adjacent |nut quantity=3;1;3 |nut shape=planoconvex |outer scale arrangement=opposite |outer scale quantity=2 |outer scale size=unequal |pistillode position relational=surrounding |pistillode texture=indurate |pseudoterminal bud shape=ovoid |secondary-vein architecture=unbranched |secondary-vein arrangement=parallel |sepal fusion=distinct;distinct |spine architecture=branched |spine position relational=interlocking |stamen atypical quantity=12;18 |stamen quantity=12 |stipule duration=deciduous |stipule prominence=prominent |style atypical quantity=6;9 |style quantity=6 |terminal bud presence=absent |tooth shape=sharp |valve architecture or shape=spiny |valve fusion=connate |valve life cycle=maturity |whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous;rhizomatous |whole_organism duration=winter-deciduous;winter-deciduous |whole_organism growth form=shrub;tree |x chromosome quantity=12 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Fagaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Fagaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Castanea.