View source for Celastrus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Celastrus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 196. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Bittersweet
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Celastraceae;Celastrus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Celastraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Celastrus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek kelastros, ancient name for holly, Ilex aquifolium
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 112
|treatment_page=page 120
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism growth form"><b>Vines,</b> twining, polygamodioecious.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="branchlet shape"><b>Branchlets </b>terete.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>deciduous [persistent], alternate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="">blade margins denticulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade margin shape;blade margin architecture or shape">venation pinnate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or axillary, panicles or cymes [racemes].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower reproduction;flower architecture or shape"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual and unisexual, radially symmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perianth position;androecium position">perianth and androecium hypogynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="hypanthium presence">hypanthium absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion">sepals 5, distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration;petal coloration">petals 5, white or greenish white;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="nectary position;nectary texture">nectary intrastaminal, fleshy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower reproduction;stamen quantity;stamen position"><b>Bisexual </b>flowers: stamens 5, free from and inserted under nectary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="flower reproduction;staminode presence">staminodes 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="flower reproduction;pistil architecture">pistil 3-carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="flower reproduction;ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary superior, 3-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower placentation">placentation axile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="flower reproduction;style quantity">style 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="flower reproduction;stigma quantity">stigmas 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="flower reproduction;ovule quantity">ovules 2 per locule.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="flower architecture;stamen quantity"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: stamens 5;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="flower architecture;flower position">free from and inserted under nectary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="flower architecture;staminode presence">staminodes 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="flower architecture;pistillode presence">pistillode present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="flower architecture;staminode quantity;staminode arrangement;staminode architecture or shape;staminode architecture;staminode size"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers: staminodes 5, alternate with petals, undivided, not gland-tipped, minute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="flower architecture;pistil architecture">pistil 3-carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s28" data-properties="flower architecture;ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary placentation">ovary superior, 3-locular, placentation axile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s29" data-properties="flower architecture;style quantity">style 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s30" data-properties="flower architecture;stigma quantity">stigmas 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s31" data-properties="flower architecture;ovule quantity">ovules 2 per locule.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s32" data-properties="fruits capsule architecture or structure in adjective form;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;apex architecture or shape"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, 3-locular, globose or subglobose, 3-lobed distally, apex not beaked.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s33" data-properties="seed atypical quantity;seed quantity;seed shape;seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>[1–] 2 per locule, ellipsoid, not winged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s34" data-properties="aril coloration">aril red, completely surrounding seed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s35" data-properties="seed position relational;x chromosome quantity">x = 23.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;e Asia;primarily tropics and subtropics;some temperate regions
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 30 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=hou1955a
|text=Hou, D. 1955. A revision of the genus Celastrus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 42: 215–302.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=leicht2007a
|text=Leicht-Young, S. A. et al. 2007. Distinguishing native (Celastrus scandens L.) and invasive (C. orbiculatus Thunb.) bittersweet species using morphological characteristics. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 134: 441–450.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=pooler2002a
|text=Pooler, M. R., R. L. Dix, and J. Feely. 2002. Interspecific hybridizations between the native bittersweet, Celastrus scandens, and the introduced invasive species, C. orbiculatus. SouthE. Naturalist 1: 69–76.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences terminal, panicles; capsules orange; pollen yellow; leaf blades usually oblong, aestivation involute.
|[[Celastrus scandens|Celastrus scandens]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences axillary, cymes; capsules yellow; pollen white; leaf blades suborbiculate to broadly oblong-obovate or ovate-orbiculate, aestivation conduplicate.
|[[Celastrus orbiculatus|Celastrus orbiculatus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Celastrus
|author=Jinshuang Ma;Geoffrey A. Levin
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Celastraceae
|distribution=North America;e Asia;primarily tropics and subtropics;some temperate regions
|reference=hou1955a;leicht2007a;pooler2002a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_414.xml
|genus=Celastrus
|androecium position=hypogynous
|apex architecture or shape=not beaked
|aril coloration=red
|blade margin architecture or shape=pinnate
|blade margin shape=denticulate
|branchlet shape=terete
|flower architecture=pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flower placentation=axile
|flower position=free-inserted
|flower reproduction=bisexual;bisexual;bisexual;bisexual;bisexual;bisexual;bisexual;bisexual;unisexual;bisexual
|fruits capsule architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|fruits capsule shape=3-lobed;subglobose;globose
|hypanthium presence=absent
|inflorescence position=axillary;terminal
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf duration=deciduous
|nectary position=intrastaminal
|nectary texture=fleshy
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular;3-locular
|ovary placentation=axile
|ovary position=superior;superior
|ovule quantity=2;2
|perianth position=hypogynous
|petal coloration=greenish white;white
|petal quantity=5
|petiole presence=absent
|pistil architecture=3-carpellate;3-carpellate
|pistillode presence=absent
|seed architecture=not winged
|seed atypical quantity=1;2
|seed position relational=surrounding
|seed quantity=2
|seed shape=ellipsoid
|sepal fusion=distinct
|sepal quantity=5
|stamen position=free-inserted
|stamen quantity=5;5
|staminode architecture=not gland-tipped
|staminode architecture or shape=undivided
|staminode arrangement=alternate
|staminode presence=absent;absent
|staminode quantity=5
|staminode size=minute
|stigma quantity=3;3
|stipule presence=absent
|style quantity=1;1
|whole_organism growth form=vine;twining
|whole_organism reproduction=polygamodioecious
|x chromosome quantity=23
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Celastraceae]]