View source for Celtis ← Celtis You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Celtis |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=2: 1043. 175 }}, {{Treatment/Publication |title=Gen. Pl. ed. |place=5, 467. 1754 |year=1754 }} |common_names=Hackberry;sugarberry;bois inconnu |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Ulmaceae;Celtis |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ulmaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Celtis]]</div></div> |etymology=Classical Latin, Pliny's name for Celtis australis Linnaeus, the "lotus" of the ancient world |volume=Volume 3 |mention_page= |treatment_page= }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Trees </b>or rarely shrubs, to 30 m;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="crown orientation">crowns spreading.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bark coloration;bark architecture or pubescence or relief;bark relief;bark pubescence or relief"><b>Bark </b>usually gray, smooth or often fissured and conspicuously warty.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="thorn size;thorn pubescence;thorn pubescence"><b>Branches </b>without or with thorns, slender, glabrous or pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule life cycle"><b>Leaves:</b> stipules falling early.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;base shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade deltate to ovate to oblong-lanceolate, base oblique or cuneate to rounded, margins entire or serrate-dentate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape">venation 3 (-5) -pinnate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescences cyme architecture;inflorescences cyme arrangement"><b>Inflorescences:</b> staminate inflorescences cymes or fascicles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence arrangement">pistillate solitary or few-flowered clusters.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower quantity;flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>usually unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same plants, along with a few bisexual flowers, pedicellate on branches of current-year, appearing in mid or late spring.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower architecture;filament orientation;filament position"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: filaments incurved in bud, exserted after anthesis;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture;gynoecium size;gynoecium prominence">gynoecium minute, rudimentary.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;calyx shape"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers: calyx slightly to deeply 4 (-5) -lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower architecture;stamen quantity;stamen position;receptacle pubescence;filament function;filament presence">stamens 4-5, inserted on pilose receptacle, included, often nonfunctional filaments usually shorter than in staminate flowers, rarely absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower architecture;anther shape;face dehiscence or orientation">anthers ovate, face to face in bud, extrorse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="flower architecture;ovary architecture;ovary shape;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovaries sessile, ovoid, 1-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="flower architecture;style height or length or size;style architecture;style shape;lobe quantity;lobe arrangement;lobe shape;lobe orientation;lobe architecture or shape;lobe architecture or shape">styles short, sessile, divided into 2 divergent, elongate, reflexed lobes, lobes entire or 2-cleft.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="fruit shape;fruit shape;drupe texture"><b>Fruits </b>fleshy drupes, ovoid or globose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="outer mesocarp width;outer mesocarp texture;inner mesocarp width;inner mesocarp texture">outer mesocarp thick, firm, inner mesocarp thin, fleshy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="">stones thick walled, ripening in autumn, persisting after leaves fall.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="stone width;stone architecture;stone life cycle;stone duration;x chromosome quantity">x = 10.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Tropical and temperate regions;worldwide |discussion=<p>Species ca. 60 (6 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>The hackberries provide important wildlife habitat, forming thickets that give shelter and fleshy drupes that ripen in autumn, persist after leaves fall, and supply winter food for birds and mammals. The treatment presented here is a simplified circumscription of species with no elaboration of infraspecific variation or interspecific hybridization. The group is taxonomically complex and in need of revision.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Branches with thorns; leaf blade usually less than 2 cm wide. |[[Celtis pallida|Celtis pallida]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Branches without thorns; leaf blade usually much more than 2 cm wide. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Leaf blade typically elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apex sharply acute to acuminate, margins mostly entire. |[[Celtis laevigata|Celtis laevigata]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Leaf blade typically broadly to narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex blunt or obtuse to abruptly long-acuminate, acute, or short-acuminate, margins variable. |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Leaf blade abaxially white tomentose; fruits usually light brown; near San Antonio, Texas. |[[Celtis lindheimeri|Celtis lindheimeri]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Leaf blade abaxially essentially glabrous or with coarse pubescence mainly on veins; fruits mostly reddish orange to purple; widespread. |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Leaf blade typically 4.5 cm or less, margins entire or somewhat serrate above middle. |[[Celtis reticulata|Celtis reticulata]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Leaf blade mostly 5 cm or more, margins coarsely serrate for at least part of length. |[[#key-0-5| > 5]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Shrubs or small trees; leaf blade serrate and sparingly toothed toward apex, entire proximally; fruits orange to brown to cherry red. |[[Celtis tenuifolia|Celtis tenuifolia]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Trees; leaf blade conspicuously serrate to well below middle; fruits dark orange to purple- or blue-black. |[[Celtis occidentalis|Celtis occidentalis]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Celtis |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Ulmaceae |distribution=Tropical and temperate regions;worldwide |reference=None |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. |publication year=;1754 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_782.xml |genus=Celtis |anther shape=ovate |bark architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |bark coloration=gray |bark pubescence or relief=warty |bark relief=fissured |base shape=cuneate;rounded |calyx shape=4(-5)-lobed |crown orientation=spreading |drupe texture=fleshy |face dehiscence or orientation=extrorse |filament function=nonfunctional |filament orientation=incurved |filament position=exserted |filament presence=absent |flower architecture=pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;staminate;staminate;pedicellate;pistillate;staminate |flower quantity=few |flower reproduction=bisexual;unisexual |fruit shape=globose;ovoid |gynoecium prominence=rudimentary |gynoecium size=minute |inflorescence arrangement=cluster;few-flowered;solitary;pistillate |inflorescences cyme architecture=staminate |inflorescences cyme arrangement=fascicles |inner mesocarp texture=fleshy |inner mesocarp width=thin |leaf-blade shape=deltate;ovate |lobe architecture or shape=2-cleft;entire |lobe arrangement=divergent |lobe orientation=reflexed |lobe quantity=2 |lobe shape=elongate |margin architecture or shape=3(-5)-pinnate;serrate-dentate;entire |outer mesocarp texture=firm |outer mesocarp width=thick |ovary architecture=sessile |ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular |ovary shape=ovoid |receptacle pubescence=pilose |stamen position=included |stamen quantity=4;5 |stipule life cycle=falling |stone architecture=walled |stone duration=persisting |stone life cycle=ripening |stone width=thick |style architecture=sessile |style height or length or size=short |style shape=divided |thorn pubescence=pubescent;glabrous |thorn size=slender |whole_organism growth form=shrub;tree |whole_organism some measurement=0m;30m |x chromosome quantity=10 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ulmaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Template:Ulmaceae (view source) Return to Celtis.