View source for Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa
|accepted_authority=(Boissier) Gugler
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung.
|place=6: 248. 1908
|year=1908
}}
|common_names=Squarrose knapweed
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Centaurea virgata var. squarrosa
|authority=Boissier
|rank=variety
|publication_title=Fl. Orient.
|publication_place=3: 651. 1875,
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Centaurea;Centaurea virgata;Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Centaurea]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Centaurea virgata]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subspecies</small>[[Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 191
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism pubescence or relief;whole-organism duration"><b>Perennials,</b> 20–50 cm, scabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem quantity;stem architecture;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>several, diffusely much-branched distally, finely tomentose, minutely resin-gland-dotted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf pubescence;leaf pubescence"><b>Leaves </b>finely tomentose, minutely resin-gland-dotted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="basal and proximal cauline leaf architecture;basal and proximal cauline leaf presence;blade some measurement">basal and proximal cauline petiolate, often absent at anthesis, blades 10–15 cm, margins 1–2 times pinnately divided into linear segments;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="margin size or quantity;margin position;margin position or shape;margin position;margin architecture;margin size;margin shape;margin architecture">mid and distal cauline sessile, smaller, pinnately divided or simple.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head architecture or shape;head architecture;head architecture;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>disciform, in paniculiform arrays, sessile or short-pedunculate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre length;involucre width;involucre life cycle"><b>Involucres </b>narrowly ovoid or cylindric, 7–8 × 3–5 mm, falling at maturity with enclosed cypselae.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="body coloration;body coloration;body shape;body coloration;body pubescence;body pubescence;body pubescence;margin texture;appendage orientation;appendage shape;appendage architecture;slender spine coloration;spine orientation;spine some measurement"><b>Principal </b>phyllaries: bodies pale green or stramineous, ovate to lanceolate, sometimes purple-tinged, glabrous or finely tomentose, sparsely resin-gland-dotted, margins scarious, appendages spreading, fringed with slender stramineous spines, each tipped by spreading to reflexed spine 1–3 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inner phyllary shape;inner phyllary shape"><b>Inner </b>phyllaries lanceolate, ± acute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="floret atypical quantity;floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>10–14 (–16);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="floret corolla coloration;floret corolla coloration;floret corolla size;floret corolla shape;floret corolla arrangement or course or shape;floret corolla some measurement;floret reproduction;floret reproduction">corollas pink or pale-purple, those of sterile florets very slender, 3-lobed, linear, not exceeding disc corollas, those of fertile florets 7–9 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="cypsela coloration;cypsela coloration;cypsela some measurement;cypsela pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>light-brown or stramineous, 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="bristle coloration;bristle some measurement">pappi of white bristles 1–2.5 mm or sometimes very reduced.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pappus size;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 36.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering summer (Jun–Sep).
|habitat=Rangelands, pastures, open forests, roadsides
|elevation=1000–2000 m
|distribution=Calif.;Colo.;Mich.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wyo.;w Asia
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Squarrose knapweed is an invasive pest in rangelands of western North America. At maturity the fruiting heads readily fall from the plant and can become lodged in the fur of animals. Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa has been declared a noxious weed in several western states.</p><!--
--><p>In the Synthesis of the North American Flora (J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham 1999) Centaurea virgata is incorrectly listed as a synonym of C. triumfettii Allioni, a very different plant. This was apparently based on a misreading of C. variegata Lamarck (not a legitimate name), a synonym of C. triumfettii, as C. virgata.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa
|authority=(Boissier) Gugler
|rank=subspecies
|parent rank=species
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Centaurea virgata var. squarrosa
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering summer (Jun–Sep).
|habitat=Rangelands, pastures, open forests, roadsides
|elevation=1000–2000 m
|distribution=Calif.;Colo.;Mich.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wyo.;w Asia
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung.
|publication year=1908
|special status=Weedy;Introduced
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_220.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Centaurea
|species=Centaurea virgata
|subspecies=Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa
|2n chromosome quantity=36
|appendage architecture=tipped
|appendage orientation=spreading
|appendage shape=fringed
|array architecture=paniculiform
|basal and proximal cauline leaf architecture=petiolate
|basal and proximal cauline leaf presence=absent
|blade some measurement=10cm;15cm
|body coloration=purple-tinged;stramineous;pale green
|body pubescence=resin-gland-dotted;tomentose;glabrous
|body shape=ovate;lanceolate
|bristle coloration=white
|bristle some measurement=1mm;2.5mm
|cypsela coloration=stramineous;light-brown
|cypsela pubescence=glabrous
|cypsela some measurement=2.5mm;3.5mm
|floret atypical quantity=14;16
|floret corolla arrangement or course or shape=linear
|floret corolla coloration=pale-purple;pink
|floret corolla shape=3-lobed
|floret corolla size=slender
|floret corolla some measurement=7mm;9mm
|floret quantity=10;14
|floret reproduction=fertile;sterile
|head architecture=short-pedunculate;sessile
|head architecture or shape=disciform
|inner phyllary shape=acute;lanceolate
|involucre length=7mm;8mm
|involucre life cycle=falling
|involucre shape=cylindric;ovoid
|involucre width=3mm;5mm
|leaf pubescence=resin-gland-dotted;tomentose
|margin architecture=simple;sessile
|margin position=cauline;mid
|margin position or shape=distal
|margin shape=divided
|margin size=smaller
|margin size or quantity=1-2 times pinnately divided into linear segments
|margin texture=scarious
|pappus size=reduced
|slender spine coloration=stramineous
|spine orientation=spreading;reflexed
|spine some measurement=1mm;3mm
|stem architecture=much-branched
|stem pubescence=resin-gland-dotted;tomentose
|stem quantity=several
|whole-organism duration=perennial
|whole-organism pubescence or relief=scabrous
|whole-organism some measurement=20cm;50cm
}}<!--

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