View source for Cervantesiaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cervantesiaceae
|accepted_authority=Nickrent & Der
|publications=
|common_names=Buffalo Nut Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cervantesiaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cervantesiaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 417
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;root duration;root reproduction"><b>Shrubs </b>[trees], root parasites, deciduous, dioecious [synoecious, polygamous, trioecious].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate, simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="">blade margins entire [spinose];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade margin architecture or shape;blade margin architecture or shape">venation pinnate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence reproduction;inflorescence position;inflorescence position"><b>Inflorescences </b>unisexual, terminal or axillary, racemes [spikes, cymes, panicles].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual [bisexual];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="perianth position;perianth position;androecium position;androecium position">perianth and androecium perigynous or epigynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="hypanthium fusion">hypanthium completely adnate to ovary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal presence">sepals 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal atypical quantity;petal atypical quantity;petal quantity;petal fusion;post-staminal hair presence">petals (4–) 5 (–6), distinct, post-staminal hairs present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="nectary presence">nectary present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;petal arrangement;petal fusion;petal fusion">stamens (4–) 5 (–6), opposite petals, distinct, adnate to petal base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="anther dehiscence;slit dehiscence or orientation">anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="staminode presence;flower architecture">staminodes present in pistillate flowers;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pistil quantity">pistil 1, carpel number unknown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="ovary quantity;ovary position;ovary position;ovary position;ovary development;free-central placentation">ovary 1/2 inferior (staminate flowers) or almost superior (pistillate flowers), becoming inferior during fruit development, 1-locular, placentation free-central, pendulous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="ovule quantity;ovule orientation">ovules 2–3 per locule, anatropous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="style quantity">style 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="stigma quantity">stigma 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="flower architecture">pistillode present in staminate flowers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties=""><b>Fruits </b>pseudodrupes (mesocarp hard).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="seed quantity"><b>Seeds </b>1 per fruit.</span><!--

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|distribution=e;se United States;South America;Asia;Africa
|discussion=<p>Genera 8, species 20 (1 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Cervantesiaceae show a trend from bisexual to fully unisexual flowers, with intermediate stages seen by the presence of staminodes and pistillodes, as well as trioecy in Scleropyrum Arnott. Carpel number in Cervantesiaceae is unclear and the necessary anatomical studies have not been done. The fruits in this family (the largest in Santalales) have a hard or crustaceous mesocarp. Because the mesocarp is hard, not the endocarp, these are considered pseudodrupes, not true drupes. In Jodina Hooker & Arnott ex Meisner, the endocarp is apparently consumed during endosperm development (S. P. Bhatnagar and G. Sabharwal 1969); this interpretation is extended to other members of the family.</p><!--
--><p>The affinity of the eight genera of Cervantesiaceae, first noted by H. U. Stauffer (1957, 1961), was confirmed using molecular phylogenetic methods (J. P. Der and D. L. Nickrent 2008; Z. S. Rogers et al. 2008). The segregation of Cervantesiaceae from Santalaceae in the broad sense follows the classification of Nickrent et al. (2010). Pyrularia is the only genus in the family with species occurring in both the Old and New Worlds.</p>
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cervantesiaceae
|author=Daniel L. Nickrent
|authority=Nickrent & Der
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cervantesiaceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=e;se United States;South America;Asia;Africa
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_359.xml
|androecium position=epigynous;perigynous
|anther dehiscence=dehiscing
|blade margin architecture or shape=pinnate;entire
|flower architecture=staminate;pistillate
|flower reproduction=unisexual
|free-central placentation=pendulous
|hypanthium fusion=adnate
|inflorescence position=axillary;terminal
|inflorescence reproduction=unisexual
|leaf architecture=simple
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|nectary presence=absent
|ovary development=1-locular
|ovary position=inferior;superior;inferior
|ovary quantity=1/2
|ovule orientation=anatropous
|ovule quantity=2;3
|perianth position=epigynous;perigynous
|petal arrangement=opposite
|petal atypical quantity=5;6
|petal fusion=adnate;distinct;distinct
|petal quantity=5
|petiole presence=absent
|pistil quantity=1
|post-staminal hair presence=absent
|root duration=deciduous
|root reproduction=dioecious
|seed quantity=1
|sepal presence=absent
|slit dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|stamen atypical quantity=5;6
|stamen quantity=5
|staminode presence=absent
|stigma quantity=1
|stipule presence=absent
|style quantity=1
|whole_organism growth form=shrub
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