View source for Chamaelirium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Chamaelirium
|accepted_authority=Willdenow
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk.
|place=2: 18. 1808
|year=1808
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Liliaceae;Chamaelirium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Chamaelirium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek chamae, on the ground, and lirion, white lily
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 56, 69
|treatment_page=page 68
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;rhizome fragility or size;rhizome shape"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from stout, nodose rhizomes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root architecture;root texture;root texture">roots contractile, fibrous, fleshy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem duration;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem pubescence;plant architecture"><b>Stems </b>persistent in pistillate plants, erect to nodding, simple, hollow, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf duration;leaf arrangement;leaf size"><b>Leaves </b>persistent, evergreen, crowded in basal rosettes, reduced distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade pubescence;margin shape">blades glabrous, margins entire to minutely undulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="basal blade architecture;basal blade shape">basal blades petiolate, spatulate to oblanceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="cauline blade architecture;cauline blade shape">cauline blades sessile, linear to lanceolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties=""><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, ebracteate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence some measurement">in staminate plants racemose, rarely spiciform, 7–15 cm, apex nodding;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="apex orientation;apex arrangement;fruit architecture;fruit some measurement">in pistillate plants racemose or spiciform, to 35 cm in fruit.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants, occasionally bisexual, ebracteate, weakly syncarpous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="tepal duration;tepal quantity;tepal orientation;tepal orientation;tepal fusion;tepal coloration;tepal coloration;tepal architecture;tepal shape;nectary presence">tepals persistent, 6, spreading or ascending, distinct, white to greenish white, becoming yellow, 1-veined, narrowly linear-spatulate, nectaries absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 6;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="filament fusion;filament shape;filament size">filaments distinct, flattened, unequal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="anther fixation;anther architecture or structure in adjective form;anther shape;anther dehiscence or orientation">anthers basifixed, 2-locular, oblong-oblanceolate, extrorse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary shape">ovary superior, 3-locular, deeply 3-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="septal gland presence">septal glands absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="style duration;style quantity;style orientation;style fusion;style shape">styles persistent, 3, recurved, distinct, linear-clavate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="stigma relief">stigmas papillate along adaxial surface.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit orientation;fruit architecture or structure in adjective form;fruit dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular, erect, 3-locular, dehiscence loculicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="aril width;aril architecture or shape"><b>Seeds </b>2–4 per locule, elliptic to linear-oblong, with broad, winglike aril.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=e North America
|discussion=<p>Species 1.</p><!--
--><p>Chamaelirium and the east Asian Chionographis Maximowicz (H. Hara 1968) form a classic Arcto-Tertiary, disjunct generic pair whose distinctive nature among the melanthoid genera (J. D. Ambrose 1975, 1980) has lent support to their recognition as a separate tribe, Chionographideae Nakai, within the Melanthiaceae sensu stricto (M. N. Tamura 1998; W. B. Zomlefer 1997b), or as the separate family Chionographidaceae (A. L. Takhtajan 1994, 1997). Both genera have distinctive tetraporate pollen grains (M. Takahashi and S. Kawano 1989), both are based on x = 12 (H. Hara and S. Kurosawa 1962), and they share other karyological similarities (N. Y. Tanaka and N. Tanaka 1985).</p><!--
--><p>Floral sexuality is exceptionally diversified in the Chamaelirium–Chionographis lineage. Chamaelirium is dioecious or occasionally polygamodioecious, while Chionographis is often monoclinous or andromonoecious, sometimes gynodioecious, and rarely androdioecious (M. Maki 1992, 1992b, 1993; M. Maki and M. Masusa 1993, 1994).</p><!--
--><p>Chamaelirium luteum has been the subject of numerous studies on dioecism associated with dimorphism. Staminate and pistillate plants differ markedly in morphology, life history, and spatial distribution. Mature pistillate plants are more robust than staminate plants, and there are proportionally more staminate than pistillate plants in a given population (T. R. Meagher 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984; T. R. Meagher and J. Antonovics 1982, 1982b; T. R. Meagher and E. Thompson 1987).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Chamaelirium
|author=Frederick H. Utech
|authority=Willdenow
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Liliaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=e North America
|reference=None
|publication title=Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk.
|publication year=1808
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_46.xml
|genus=Chamaelirium
|anther architecture or structure in adjective form=2-locular
|anther dehiscence or orientation=extrorse
|anther fixation=basifixed
|anther shape=oblong-oblanceolate
|apex arrangement=racemose
|apex orientation=nodding
|aril architecture or shape=winglike
|aril width=broad
|basal blade architecture=petiolate
|basal blade shape=spatulate;oblanceolate
|blade pubescence=glabrous
|cauline blade architecture=sessile
|cauline blade shape=linear;lanceolate
|filament fusion=distinct
|filament shape=flattened
|filament size=unequal
|flower architecture=syncarpous;ebracteate;pistillate;staminate
|flower reproduction=bisexual;unisexual
|fruit architecture=capsular;spiciform
|fruit architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|fruit dehiscence=loculicidal
|fruit orientation=erect
|fruit some measurement=0cm;35cm
|inflorescence architecture=spiciform;ebracteate
|inflorescence arrangement=racemose
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|inflorescence some measurement=7cm;15cm
|leaf arrangement=crowded
|leaf duration=evergreen;persistent
|leaf size=reduced
|margin shape=entire;minutely undulate
|nectary presence=absent
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|ovary position=superior
|ovary shape=3-lobed
|plant architecture=pistillate
|rhizome fragility or size=stout
|rhizome shape=nodose
|root architecture=contractile
|root texture=fleshy;fibrous
|seed quantity=2;4
|seed shape=elliptic;linear-oblong
|septal gland presence=absent
|stamen quantity=6
|stem architecture=hollow;simple
|stem duration=persistent
|stem orientation=erect;nodding
|stem pubescence=glabrous
|stigma relief=papillate
|style duration=persistent
|style fusion=distinct
|style orientation=recurved
|style quantity=3
|style shape=linear-clavate
|tepal architecture=1-veined
|tepal coloration=yellow;white;greenish white
|tepal duration=persistent
|tepal fusion=distinct
|tepal orientation=ascending;spreading
|tepal quantity=6
|tepal shape=linear-spatulate
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=12
}}<!--

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