View source for Cichorium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cichorium
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 813. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 354. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae;Cichorium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cichorium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Ancient Arabic name
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 218
|treatment_page=page 221
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Perennials </b>[annuals, biennials], [2–] 10–120+ cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism duration">taprooted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>usually 1, erect, branched distally or throughout, setose or hispid to pilose, or glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture">usually sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="basal blade shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape">basal blades oblanceolate to lance-linear, margins usually runcinate-pinnate to dentate, rarely entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="cauline blade size;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape">cauline similar, smaller, margins dentate or entire.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="head arrangement"><b>Heads </b>mostly in glomerules (axillary and nearly sessile), some borne singly (on ± elongate peduncles).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="peduncle length or size;peduncle shape;peduncle architecture"><b>Peduncles </b>(dimorphic: most 0–2 mm, some 12–85+ mm): the longer often slightly inflated distally, not bracteate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="calyculus presence"><b>Calyculi </b>0 (or interpreted as outer phyllaries).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>± cylindric, 3–5+ mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="phyllary quantity;phyllary shape;phyllary size;series quantity;margin texture;apex shape"><b>Phyllaries </b>10–15+ in 2+ series, lanceovate to lanceolate or linear, unequal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices obtuse to acute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="receptacle prominence or shape;receptacle relief;receptacle pubescence;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat, pitted, ± hispid, usually epaleate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>8–25+;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration">corollas usually blue [purple], sometimes pink or white.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="cypsela coloration;cypsela shape;cypsela architecture or shape;face architecture or pubescence or relief;face pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>brownish, ± prismatic (3–5-angled), not beaked, faces smooth, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="">pappi persistent, coroniform (of 40–60+, whitish, subequal, erose scales in 1–2 series).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pappus duration;pappus shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Europe;n Africa;Asia;also in South America;Africa;Pacific Old World
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 6 (1 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The salad green known as endive (Cichorium endivia Linnaeus) may sometimes be found as an escape from gardens or agricultural plantings. It differs from C. intybus in having purple corollas, cypselae 1.5–2.5 mm, and pappi 0.6–1+ mm.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cichorium
|author=John L. Strother
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Europe;n Africa;Asia;also in South America;Africa;Pacific Old World
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_272.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|genus=Cichorium
|apex shape=obtuse;acute
|basal blade shape=oblanceolate;lance-linear
|calyculus presence=absent
|cauline blade size=smaller
|corolla coloration=white;pink;blue
|cypsela architecture or shape=not beaked
|cypsela coloration=brownish
|cypsela shape=prismatic
|face architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|face pubescence=glabrous
|floret quantity=8;25
|head arrangement=singly
|involucre diameter=3mm;5mm
|involucre shape=cylindric
|leaf architecture=sessile
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|margin architecture or shape=entire;dentate;entire;usually runcinate-pinnate;dentate
|margin texture=scarious
|pappus duration=persistent
|pappus shape=coroniform
|peduncle architecture=not bracteate
|peduncle length or size=longer
|peduncle shape=inflated
|phyllary quantity=10;15
|phyllary shape=lanceovate;lanceolate or linear
|phyllary size=unequal
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle prominence or shape=flat
|receptacle pubescence=hispid
|receptacle relief=pitted
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=erect
|stem pubescence=hispid;pilose or glabrous
|stem quantity=1
|whole-organism architecture=taprooted
|whole-organism atypical some measurement=2cm;10cm
|whole-organism duration=perennial
|whole-organism some measurement=10cm;120cm
|x chromosome quantity=9
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]