View source for Cissus trifoliata

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cissus trifoliata
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|place=10, 2: 897. 1759
|year=1759
}}
|common_names=Marine vine or ivy;sorrell vine;hierba del buey;ivy treebine
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Sicyos trifoliatus
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=2: 1013. 1753
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cissus incisa
|authority=Des Moulins
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Vitaceae;Cissus;Cissus trifoliata
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Vitaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cissus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Cissus trifoliata]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 21
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism fragility or size;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;tree position;tree size"><b>Lianas,</b> stout, scrambling or sprawling over low vegetation or small trees.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="branch pubescence"><b>Branches </b>usually glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="">branchlets succulent when young, becoming woody, sometimes rooting at nodes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="branchlet texture;branchlet texture;branchlet architecture;branchlet pubescence">growing tips usually glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="tendril architecture">tendrils unbranched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>usually 3-foliolate, sometimes simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="petiole height or length or size">petiole usually shorter than blade;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="blade texture;blade shape;blade length;blade width;blade shape;margin architecture;margin shape;margin shape;surface pubescence">blade succulent, broadly ovate to ovate-reniform, 2–8 × 2–7 cm, if simple usually 3-lobed, rarely unlobed, margins coarsely and irregularly toothed, surfaces glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="leaflet shape">leaflets (compound leaves) ovate to oblong.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration"><b>Flowers </b>greenish, greenish yellow, whitish, or purplish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="berry coloration;berry diameter"><b>Berries </b>black to blue-black, 6–12 mm diam.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering late Apr–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep.
|habitat=Rocky wooded hillsides, stream banks, prairie ravines, glades, bluffs, chaparral, coastal hammocks and dunes, maritime woodlands, shell mounds in salt marshes, roadsides, waste places.
|elevation=0–2000 m.
|distribution=Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Fla.;Ga.;Kans.;La.;Miss.;Mo.;N.Mex.;Okla.;Tex.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n South America
|discussion=<p>Many previous authors treated Cissus incisa and C. trifoliata as distinct species, but the characters used to separate them (size of leaflets, branching patterns of cymes, and berry shape) appear to intergrade abundantly, particularly in Florida, where their geographical ranges overlap. It appears that much of the basis for separating these two species is geographical distribution and habitat, with C. trifoliata being chiefly coastal and tropical and C. incisa being chiefly subtropical and temperate continental. Some authors (for example, R. P. Wunderlin 1982; R. K. Godfrey 1988; J. A. Lombardi 2000) therefore have treated C. incisa as a synonym of C. trifoliata, a conclusion that is followed here.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cissus trifoliata
|authority=(Linnaeus) Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Cissus incisa
|basionyms=Sicyos trifoliatus
|family=Vitaceae
|phenology=Flowering late Apr–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep.
|habitat=Rocky wooded hillsides, stream banks, prairie ravines, glades, bluffs, chaparral, coastal hammocks and dunes, maritime woodlands, shell mounds in salt marshes, roadsides, waste places.
|elevation=0–2000 m.
|distribution=Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Fla.;Ga.;Kans.;La.;Miss.;Mo.;N.Mex.;Okla.;Tex.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n South America
|reference=None
|publication title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|publication year=1759
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_206.xml
|genus=Cissus
|species=Cissus trifoliata
|berry coloration=black;blue-black
|berry diameter=6mm;12mm
|blade length=2cm;8cm
|blade shape=toothed;broadly ovate;ovate-reniform
|blade texture=succulent
|blade width=2cm;7cm
|branch pubescence=glabrous
|branchlet architecture=rooting
|branchlet pubescence=glabrous
|branchlet texture=woody;succulent
|flower coloration=purplish;whitish;purplish;whitish;greenish yellow;greenish
|leaf architecture=simple;3-foliolate
|leaflet shape=ovate;oblong
|margin architecture=simple
|margin shape=unlobed;3-lobed
|petiole height or length or size=usually shorter
|surface pubescence=glabrous
|tendril architecture=unbranched
|tree position=low
|tree size=small
|whole_organism fragility or size=stout
|whole_organism growth form=liana;sprawling;scrambling
}}<!--

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