View source for Cistanthe

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cistanthe
|accepted_authority=Spach
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Hist. Nat. Vég.
|place=5: 229. 1836
|year=1836
}}
|common_names=Pussypaws
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Calyptridium
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lewisiopsis
|authority=Govaerts
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Spraguea
|authority=Torrey
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Portulacaceae;Cistanthe
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Portulacaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cistanthe]]</div></div>
|etymology=generic name Cistus (rockrose) and Greek anthos, flower, in reference to similarity of the flowers
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 458, 461
|treatment_page=page 460
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism texture;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, succulent, glabrous, with caudices, not rhizomatous or stoloniferous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root texture;root texture"><b>Roots </b>fleshy and/or fibrous, or taproots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>decumbent to erect, simple or branched;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="node pubescence">nodes glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf pubescence;leaf architecture;leaf architecture or fixation;attachment point arrangement or course or shape"><b>Leaves </b>basal and/or cauline, glabrous, not articulate at base, somewhat to markedly clasping, attachment points linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="">basal leaves in rosettes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="cauline leaf arrangement">cauline leaves alternate (usually absent in C. umbellata and C. tweedyi).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence shape;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture or fragility;inflorescence density;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary, umbellate, paniculate, racemose, or cymose, sometimes scorpioid and/or secund, loose to dense, 1–many-flowered, leafy and/or bracteate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bract atypical quantity;bract quantity;bract position;bract size">bracts (1–) 2 subtending each flower, markedly unequal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>pedicellate to subsessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal fusion;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal size;sepal texture;sepal pubescence">sepals persistent, distinct, not keeled or angled, often unequal, herbaceous to scarious, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal atypical quantity;petal quantity;petal fusion">petals 2–9 (–12), distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 1–23;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 1–many;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="style presence;style presence">style present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stigma quantity;stigma quantity">stigmas 2 or 3.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="capsule architecture;capsule dehiscence;valve duration;margin dehiscence;margin shape or vernation"><b>Capsules </b>2–3-valved, dehiscence loculicidal from apex, valves not deciduous, (except C. tweedyi, which has circumscissile deshiscence and 3–4 valves splitting from base), margins not reflexed after dehiscence, margins not markedly involute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>1–40, dark brownish red, dull gray, or black, usually elliptic to orbiculate, sometimes orbiculate-reniform, dull or shiny, smooth or sculptured, sometimes hairy, strophiolate in C. maritima and C. tweedyi.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed reflectance;seed reflectance;seed relief;seed relief;seed pubescence;seed architecture;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 22, 23.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America (including Mexico);South America
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 35 (11 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Publications by R. C. Carolin (1987) and M. A. Hershkovitz (1991, 1991b) have required the addition to the North American flora of the genus Cistanthe, which originally was erected to accommodate some Chilean species that were segregated from Calandrinia. Recent investigations indicate that a considerably broader range of species belongs in the genus, including two North American species formerly placed in Calandrinia, all the species formerly included in Calyptridium, and one species previously classified in Lewisia. While the current recognition of Cistanthe originally rested on the cladistic work of Carolin and the studies of leaf morphology by Hershkovitz, who documented nine traits of leaf morphology distinguishing Cistanthe, more recent molecular studies by M. A. Hershkovitz and E. A. Zimmer (2000) have provided general support for it. The inclusion of C. tweedyi appears to be somewhat equivocal and it might best be treated as a distinct genus.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=hershkovitz1991a
|text=Hershkovitz, M. A. 1991. Phylogenetic assessment and revised circumscription of Cistanthe (Portulacaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 1009–1021.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hershkovitz1991b
|text=Hershkovitz, M. A. 1991b. Leaf morphology of Cistanthe Spach (Portulacaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 1022–1060.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hinton1975a
|text=Hinton, W. F. 1975. Systematics of the Calyptridium umbellatum complex (Portulacaceae). Brittonia 27: 197–208.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wilken1993a
|text=Wilken, D. H. and W. A. Kelley. 1993. Calyptridium. In: J. C. Hickman, ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual. Higher Plants of California. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London. Pp. 896–897.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles absent; stigmas 2; plants annual
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles present; stigmas 2 or 3; plants annual or perennial
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers subsessile; petals usually 3
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers pedicellate; petals 2 or 4
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules more than 2 times as long as sepals
|[[Cistanthe monandra|Cistanthe monandra]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules less than 2 times as long as sepals
|[[Cistanthe parryi|Cistanthe parryi]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Petals 2, 1 mm or less; stamen 1.
|[[Cistanthe rosea|Cistanthe rosea]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Petals 4, 2-3 mm; stamens 1-3
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sepals ovate, fleshy, becoming membranaceous; petals persistent in fruit
|[[Cistanthe pygmaea|Cistanthe pygmaea]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sepals orbiculate to reniform, with scarious margins; petals disarticulate in fruit
|[[Cistanthe quadripetala|Cistanthe quadripetala]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves not forming basal rosettes; plants annual
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves forming basal rosettes; plants perennial (annual in C. pulchella)
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves glaucous; inflorescences usually exceeding leaves; pedicels 5-15 mm; petals red-purple
|[[Cistanthe maritima|Cistanthe maritima]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves not glaucous; inflorescences usually not exceeding leaves; pedicels 1-3 mm; petals white
|[[Cistanthe ambigua|Cistanthe ambigua]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Petals 7-12, 25-40 mm; stamens 10-23.
|[[Cistanthe tweedyi|Cistanthe tweedyi]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Petals 4, 3-9 mm; stamens 3
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Plants annual, with fibrous roots; stems 2-7 cm; styles included
|[[Cistanthe pulchella|Cistanthe pulchella]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Plants perennial, with taproots; stems to 50-60 cm; styles exserted
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Stems 1 from each rosette; cauline leaves usually absent; petals white; an- thers red or yellow
|[[Cistanthe umbellata|Cistanthe umbellata]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Stems 2 or more from each rosette; cauline leaves usually present; petals rose or pinkish white to white; anthers pink or rose
|[[Cistanthe monosperma|Cistanthe monosperma]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cistanthe
|author=Walter A. Kelley;John M. Miller;John G. Packer
|authority=Spach
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Calyptridium;Lewisiopsis;Spraguea
|basionyms=
|family=Portulacaceae
|illustrator=Bee F. Gunn
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America (including Mexico);South America
|reference=hershkovitz1991a;hershkovitz1991b;hinton1975a;wilken1993a
|publication title=Hist. Nat. Vég.
|publication year=1836
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V4/V4_910.xml
|genus=Cistanthe
|attachment point arrangement or course or shape=linear
|bract atypical quantity=1;2
|bract position=subtending
|bract quantity=2
|bract size=unequal
|capsule architecture=2-3-valved
|capsule dehiscence=loculicidal
|cauline leaf arrangement=alternate
|flower architecture=pedicellate;subsessile
|inflorescence architecture=bracteate;leafy;1-many-flowered;secund;cymose;umbellate
|inflorescence architecture or fragility=loose
|inflorescence arrangement=racemose;paniculate
|inflorescence density=dense
|inflorescence position=axillary
|inflorescence shape=scorpioid
|leaf architecture=not articulate
|leaf architecture or fixation=clasping
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|leaf pubescence=glabrous
|margin dehiscence=not reflexed
|margin shape or vernation=involute
|node pubescence=glabrous
|ovule quantity=1;many
|petal atypical quantity=9;12
|petal fusion=distinct
|petal quantity=2;9
|root texture=fibrous;fleshy
|seed architecture=strophiolate
|seed coloration=black;gray;black;gray;dull;red;dark brownish
|seed pubescence=hairy
|seed quantity=1;40
|seed reflectance=shiny;dull
|seed relief=sculptured;smooth
|seed shape=orbiculate-reniform;usually elliptic;orbiculate
|sepal duration=persistent
|sepal fusion=distinct
|sepal pubescence=glabrous
|sepal shape=angled;not keeled
|sepal size=unequal
|sepal texture=herbaceous;scarious
|stamen quantity=1;23
|stem architecture=branched;simple
|stem orientation=decumbent;erect
|stigma quantity=3;2
|style presence=absent;absent
|valve duration=not deciduous
|whole_organism architecture=stoloniferous;not rhizomatous
|whole_organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism pubescence=glabrous
|whole_organism texture=succulent
|x chromosome quantity=23;22
}}<!--

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