View source for Cladium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cladium
|accepted_authority=P. Browne
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica,
|place=114. 1756
|year=1756
}}
|common_names=Twig-rush;sawgrass;marisque
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Mariscus
|authority=Scopoli
|rank=genus
|publication_title=
|publication_place=1754
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Cladium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cladium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek clados, branch, referring to the highly branched inflorescences
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 8, 199, 241
|treatment_page=page 240
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, cespitose or not, rhizomatous or stoloniferous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="culm architecture or arrangement or growth form;culm architecture or arrangement or growth form;culm shape;culm shape;culm some measurement"><b>Culms </b>solitary or not, terete or rounded-trigonous, usually 70+ cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="ligule presence">ligules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape">blades flat to involute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence position;inflorescence arrangement;inflorescence architecture or shape;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or some lateral, corymbose or subcapitate, conspicuously branched;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="spikelet quantity">spikelets 100–1000+;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucral-bract quantity;involucral-bract orientation;involucral-bract architecture or shape">involucral-bracts 3–4+, spreading, leaflike.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="scale quantity;scale arrangement;proximal scale quantity;scale architecture;scale position or shape;scale quantity"><b>Spikelets:</b> scales 5–6, spirally arranged, proximal 1–3 scales empty, distal 3–4 scales each subtending flower.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual or staminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="perianth presence">perianth absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 2–3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="style arrangement or course or shape;style shape;base duration;base size or width">styles linear, 3-fid, base persistent, somewhat thickened.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties=""><b>Achenes </b>terete.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="achene shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 20.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Eurasia;Africa;and Australia
|discussion=<p>Species 4 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Cladium is here accepted in the strict sense, i.e., consisting of four species: C. mariscus, of the Old World, and three species treated below. The genus had been treated in a broader sense, including Machaerina Vahl (G. Kükenthal 1942). Later studies (cited by G. C. Tucker 1987) argue against such a broad circumscription of the genus. Machaerina was excluded by M. T. Strong (1997). Species of Cladium consistently differ from those of Machaerina in their smaller, less differentiated embryos and anisobilateral leaves with inverted bundles (illustrated by C. R. Metcalfe).</p><!--
--><p>According to G. Kükenthal (1942), Cladium mariscus comprised three subspecies: C. mariscus subsp. mariscus of Europe and Asia; C. mariscus subsp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kükenthal of the Western Hemisphere, Africa, and Hawaii; and C. mariscus subsp. intermedium Kükenthal of Australia. He synonymized C. californicum under C. mariscus subsp. jamaicense. Most American authors have treated C. jamaicense as distinct from the Eastern Hemisphere C. mariscus, a view followed here with some trepidation. Resolution of this taxonomic problem is well beyond the scope of this flora. The culms and leaves of Cladium mariscus are gathered and used in the manufacture of paper products in the Danube Delta, Romania.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Culms 0.3–1 m × 1–2 mm; leaves 2–3 mm wide, conduplicate to subinvolute, margins ± smooth; inflorescences 15–25 cm, with 1st and 2d order branches only.
|[[Cladium mariscoides|Cladium mariscoides]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Culms 1–3 m × 5–10 mm; leaves 5–20 mm wide, flat to broadly V-shaped, margins harshly scabrid; inflorescences 30–50 cm, with 3d and 4th order branches.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets mostly in groups of 2–3(–6); inflorescences with 3d and 4th order branches; culms 1–3 m, coastal se United States.
|[[Cladium jamaicense|Cladium jamaicense]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets mostly in groups of 3–6; inflorescences rarely with 4th order branches; culms 1–2 m; sw United States.
|[[Cladium californicum|Cladium californicum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cladium
|author=Gordon C. Tucker
|authority=P. Browne
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Mariscus
|family=Cyperaceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Eurasia;Africa;and Australia
|reference=None
|publication title=Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica,
|publication year=1756
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V23/V23_430.xml
|genus=Cladium
|achene shape=terete
|base duration=persistent
|base size or width=thickened
|blade shape=flat;involute
|culm architecture or arrangement or growth form=not;solitary
|culm shape=rounded-trigonous;terete
|flower architecture=staminate
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|inflorescence architecture=branched
|inflorescence architecture or shape=subcapitate
|inflorescence arrangement=corymbose
|inflorescence position=lateral
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=some;terminal
|involucral-bract architecture or shape=leaflike
|involucral-bract orientation=spreading
|involucral-bract quantity=3;4
|leaf position=cauline
|ligule presence=absent
|perianth presence=absent
|proximal scale quantity=1;3
|scale architecture=empty
|scale arrangement=arranged
|scale position or shape=distal
|scale quantity=3;4
|spikelet quantity=100;1000
|stamen quantity=2;3
|style arrangement or course or shape=linear
|style shape=3-fid
|whole_organism architecture=stoloniferous;rhizomatous
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb;not;cespitose
|x chromosome quantity=20
}}<!--

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