View source for Collinsia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Collinsia
|accepted_authority=Nuttall
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
|place=1: 190, plate 9. 1817
|year=1817
}}
|common_names=Chinese-houses;blue-eyed Mary
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Plantaginaceae;Collinsia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Plantaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Collinsia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Zaccheus Collins, 1764–1831, Philadelphia botanist
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 12, 57, 63, 66, 73, 74, 80, 256
|treatment_page=page 62
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole-organism duration"><b>Herbs,</b> annuals.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem architecture or function or pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect to ascending or decumbent, glabrous or hairy, often glandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>cauline, opposite;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole presence;proximal presence">petiole present on proximals, absent on distals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade texture;blade texture;margin architecture or shape;margin shape">blade not fleshy (fleshy in C. callosa), not leathery, margins entire, sometimes toothed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;whorl architecture;whorl architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower architecture;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, interrupted whorls or flowers solitary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bract presence">bracts present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bracteole presence;bracteole position;bracteole presence">bracteoles present, distalmost sometimes absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal shape;sepal shape;lobe shape;inner face pubescence;inner face pubescence">sepals 5, connate, caly× bilaterally symmetric, urceolate or cupshaped to campanulate, lobes deltate to ovate, inner face glabrous or white-hairy (C. antonina);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla architecture or shape;corolla architecture;corolla shape;tube base architecture or shape;tube base shape;tube base shape;lobe quantity;abaxial lobe quantity;abaxial lobe quantity;middle lobe architecture or shape;adaxial lobe quantity;distal portion orientation">corolla white, pink, purple, or blue with markings on adaxial lobes, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, tubular to funnelform, tube base not spurred abaxially, ± saccate or gibbous (forming a prominent or obscure pouch) adaxially, lobes 5, abaxial 3, 2 as wings, middle lobe of abaxial lip (keel) folded lengthwise, enclosing stamens and styles, adaxial 2, distal portion spreading to reflexed (banner);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen fusion;stamen architecture;stamen position;filament pubescence;filament pubescence;spur presence;spur quantity">stamens 4, adnate near base of throat, didynamous, included, filaments glabrous or hairy, spur 0 or 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="staminode quantity;staminode architecture or shape">staminode 1, glandlike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary architecture;ovary placentation">ovary 2-loculed, placentation axile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stigma shape">stigma minutely 2-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruits capsule dehiscence;fruits capsule dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, dehiscence septicidal and loculicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;margin size or width;margin shape or vernation;margin width;margin shape or vernation;margin architecture"><b>Seeds </b>2–16, reddish-brown, brown, or cinnamon red, oblong, ellipsoid, ovoid, or globular, rarely prismatic or hourglass-shaped, margins thickened and inrolled proximally, or thin and not inrolled, hollow near attachment to placenta, wings absent, rarely present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="wing presence;wing presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;nw Mexico
|discussion=<p>Species 21 (21 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The flowers in Collinsia resemble those of Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae. The two lobes of the adaxial corolla lip are partially connate and distally reflexed; these lobes, the banner, often contain taxon-specific markings. The three lobes of the abaxial lip are more complexly connate: the two lateral lobes are referred to as wings; the central lobe, the keel, is folded, curved along its distal portion, and concealed by the wings. The keel encloses the stamens, style, and stigma.</p><!--
--><p>In species with purple or blue corollas, some plants produce white or pink corollas. The frequency of such plants is usually very low in most species. The frequency of such plants in Collinsia heterophylla is much higher in the South Coast Ranges of California, and this trait appears to have reached fixation in some populations.</p><!--
--><p>In taxa that are conspicuously glandular, a reaction occurs when the glands are ruptured, either when handled roughly in the field or when pressed for preservation as a specimen. The ruptured glands will cause a stain that is initially iron yellow-orange and later becomes purplish.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=baldwin2011a
|text=Baldwin, B. G., S. Kalisz, and W. S. Armbruster. 2011. Phylogenetic perspectives on diversification, biogeography, and floral evolution of Collinsia and Tonella. Amer. J. Bot. 98: 731–753.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ganders1986a
|text=Ganders, F. R. and G. R. Krause. 1986. Systematics of Collinsia parviflora and C. grandiflora (Scrophulariaceae). Madroño 33: 63–70.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=newsom1929a
|text=Newsom, V. M. 1929. A revision of the genus Collinsia (Scrophulariaceae). Bot. Gaz. 87: 260–301.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=tunbridge2011a
|text=Tunbridge, N. D., C. Sears, and E. Elle. 2011. Variation in floral morphology and ploidy among populations of Collinsia parviflora and Collinsia grandiflora. Botany (Ottawa) 89: 19–33.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas ± uniformly dark purple, rarely pale pinkish purple, banner lobe bases with 2-crested, crescent-shaped folds extending 1–1.5 mm from throat openings.
|[[Collinsia greenei|Collinsia greenei]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas uniformly pale, or with pale regions, especially on throats and bases of banners, banner lobe bases with folds not 2-crested, not crescent-shaped, extending less than 1 mm from throat openings, or folds absent.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers crowded; pedicels shorter than calyces, not or scarcely visible.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stamens: basal spurs of adaxial filaments 1.
|[[Collinsia heterophylla|Collinsia heterophylla]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stamens: basal spurs of adaxial filaments 0 or 1.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Banner lengths 0.7–0.9+ times wings.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Corollas ± uniformly whitish to pinkish, banner lobes toothed; leaf blade margins crenate.
|[[Collinsia bartsiifolia|Collinsia bartsiifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Corollas tinged bluish, distally violet to magenta, banner purple-dotted near base, banner lobes notched; leaf blade margins entire, rarely serrate.
|[[Collinsia concolor|Collinsia concolor]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Banner lengths less than 0.8 times wings.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Banner lengths 0.5–0.8 times wings.
|[[Collinsia bartsiifolia|Collinsia bartsiifolia]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Banner lengths 0.1–0.5 times wings.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blade abaxial surfaces glabrous; inflorescences: flower whorls 1 per branch; banner reflexed portion 1 mm, shorter than basal portion, brownish, not red-banded; wings sparsely and finely glandular, not hairy; sand dunes.
|[[Collinsia corymbosa|Collinsia corymbosa]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blade abaxial surfaces densely hairy; inflorescences: flower whorls 2–8 on main axes, fewer on lateral branches; banner reflexed portion 2–3.5 mm, equal to basal portion, red-banded; wings usually hairy adaxially; rocky habitats.
|[[Collinsia tinctoria|Collinsia tinctoria]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers not crowded proximally; pedicels longer than calyces, visible, distalmost sometimes not or scarcely visible (C. multicolor).
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Caly× lobes: inner face white-hairy; siliceous shale screes.
|[[Collinsia antonina|Collinsia antonina]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Caly× lobes: inner face glabrous; rocky, gravelly, sandy, or loamy soils, rarely on siliceous shale screes.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Caly× lobe apices acute to acuminate.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Stamens: adaxial filaments glabrous; caly× lobes equal to capsules.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Corollas 8–15 mm, wings 2–6 mm wide, widely obovate, throats strongly angled to tubes.
|[[Collinsia grandiflora|Collinsia grandiflora]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Corollas 4–8 mm, wings 1(–3) mm wide, oblong, throats barely angled to tubes.
|[[Collinsia parviflora|Collinsia parviflora]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Stamens: adaxial filaments hairy; caly× lobes surpassing capsules.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Keels sparsely long-hairy near tips; capsules with red blotches; seeds round, margins thin, not inrolled.
|[[Collinsia sparsiflora|Collinsia sparsiflora]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Keels glabrous or sparsely glandular; capsules without red blotches; seeds oblong to oval, margins thickened, inrolled.
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Banner bases white, with maroon dots and lines, rarely unmarked.
|[[Collinsia multicolor|Collinsia multicolor]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Banner bases yellow, with maroon or orange spots.
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Pedicels glandular abaxially, glabrate adaxially; corolla wings and keels bluish, wings notched less than 0.1 times whole lengths, banner lengths (0.7–)0.8–1 times wings, bases with maroon spots; seeds 2–4, 2–3 mm.
|[[Collinsia verna|Collinsia verna]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Pedicels glandular abaxially and adaxially; corolla wings and keels violet, wings notched 0.2 times whole lengths, banner lengths 0.6–0.7(–0.8) times wings, bases with orange spots; seeds 6–12, 1–1.5 mm.
|[[Collinsia violacea|Collinsia violacea]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Caly× lobe apices subacute, obtuse, or rounded.
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Inflorescences ± eglandular.
|[[Collinsia parryi|Collinsia parryi]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Inflorescences conspicuously glandular.
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Pedicels pendent and/or sigmoid in fruit, sometimes reflexed; distalmost bracts 0–2 mm.
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Wings surpassing keel by 1–2 mm.
|[[Collinsia wrightii|Collinsia wrightii]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Wings equal to keel.
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Leaf blades linear, lengths usually 6+ times widths.
|[[Collinsia torreyi|Collinsia torreyi]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Leaf blades elliptic to ovate, lengths usually 2–5 times widths.
|[[Collinsia latifolia|Collinsia latifolia]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Pedicels spreading to ascending; distalmost bracts 2+ mm.
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Leaf blades oblong to ovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, lengths usually less than 6 times widths.
|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Annuals fleshy; distal leaf blade bases clasping; seeds 6–8; calyces campanulate to urceolate, lobes equal to capsules.
|[[Collinsia callosa|Collinsia callosa]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Annuals not fleshy; distal leaf blade bases tapered; seeds 2; calyces campanulate, lobes surpassing capsules.
|[[Collinsia childii|Collinsia childii]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Leaf blades linear to narrowly oblanceolate, lengths usually 6+ times widths.
|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Corollas 8–12(–15) mm, pouches prominent, throats strongly angled to tubes, banner reflexed portion lengths 1.5–2 times throats; seeds round to oblong, margins thin, scarcely inrolled.
|[[Collinsia linearis|Collinsia linearis]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Corollas 4–8 mm, pouches ± hidden by calyces, throats barely angled to tubes, banner reflexed portion lengths 1 times throats; seeds oblong to ovate, margins thickened, inrolled.
|[[Collinsia rattanii|Collinsia rattanii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Collinsia
|author=Michael S. Park
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Plantaginaceae
|distribution=North America;nw Mexico
|reference=baldwin2011a;ganders1986a;newsom1929a;tunbridge2011a
|publication title=J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
|publication year=1817
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V17/V17_181.xml
|genus=Collinsia
|abaxial lobe quantity=2;3
|adaxial lobe quantity=2
|blade texture=not leathery;not fleshy
|bract presence=absent
|bracteole position=distalmost
|bracteole presence=absent;absent
|corolla architecture=bilabiate
|corolla architecture or shape=symmetric
|corolla coloration=blue;purple;blue;purple;pink;white
|corolla shape=tubular
|distal portion orientation=spreading;reflexed
|filament pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|flower architecture=interrupted
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|fruits capsule dehiscence=loculicidal;septicidal
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|inner face pubescence=white-hairy;glabrous
|leaf arrangement=opposite
|leaf position=cauline
|lobe quantity=5
|lobe shape=deltate;ovate
|margin architecture=hollow
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=toothed
|margin shape or vernation=not inrolled;inrolled
|margin size or width=thickened
|margin width=thin
|middle lobe architecture or shape=folded
|ovary architecture=2-loculed
|ovary placentation=axile
|pedicel presence=absent
|petiole presence=absent
|proximal presence=absent
|seed coloration=cinnamon red;brown;cinnamon red;brown;reddish-brown
|seed quantity=2;16
|seed shape=hourglass--shaped;prismatic;globular;ovoid;hourglass--shaped;prismatic;globular;ovoid;hourglass--shaped;prismatic;globular;ovoid;ellipsoid;oblong
|sepal fusion=connate
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal shape=cupshaped;campanulate
|spur presence=absent
|spur quantity=1
|stamen architecture=didynamous
|stamen fusion=adnate
|stamen position=included
|stamen quantity=4
|staminode architecture or shape=glandlike
|staminode quantity=1
|stem architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|stem orientation=erect;ascending or decumbent
|stem pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|stigma shape=2-lobed
|tube base architecture or shape=spurred
|tube base shape=gibbous;saccate
|whole-organism duration=annual
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whorl architecture=interrupted
|whorl architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|wing presence=absent;absent
|x chromosome quantity=7
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Plantaginaceae]]