View source for Colubrina

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Colubrina
|accepted_authority=Richard ex Brongniart
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mém. Fam. Rhamnées,
|place=61, plate 4, fig. 3. 1826
|year=1826
}}
|common_names=Nakedwood
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rhamnaceae;Colubrina
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rhamnaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Colubrina]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin coluber, racer snake, perhaps alluding to twisting of deep furrows on stems of some species
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 43, 44, 74
|treatment_page=page 73
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, unarmed [armed with thorns];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bud-scale presence">bud-scales present at least on short-shoots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf duration;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture or arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>persistent or deciduous, alternate [opposite], sometimes fascicled on short-shoots;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">blade not gland-dotted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade coloration;blade architecture;blade architecture">pinnately veined or 3-veined from base (acrodromous).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position;thyrse arrangement;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary, usually cymes, thyrses, or fascicles, rarely flowers solitary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="peduncle texture;pedicel texture">peduncles and pedicels not fleshy in fruit.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="hypanthium shape;hypanthium width">hypanthium hemispheric, 2–3 mm wide;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal orientation;sepal coloration;sepal shape;sepal shape">sepals 5, spreading, brown to greenish, ovate-triangular to triangular, keeled adaxially;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration;petal architecture;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape">petals 5, greenish or yellowish to creamy white, ± hooded, spatulate or obovate, clawed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="nectary texture;nectary fusion">nectary fleshy, adnate to and sometimes ± filling hypanthium;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 5;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 1/2-inferior to inferior, 3 (–4) -locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="style quantity;style fusion">styles 3, connate proximally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruits capsule dehiscence;fruits capsule architecture or structure in adjective form"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, sometimes tardily dehiscent, 3-locular.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;se Asia;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);widely
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 30 (8 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Branches of some Colubrina species are rigid but rarely produce thorns. Those of C. californica have been described as spinescent or subspinescent, alluding to short branches that sometimes are attenuate to relatively sharp points, but these are not the same as the clearly defined thorns that occur in other genera of the family.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=johnston1971a
|text=Johnston, M. C. 1971. Revision of Colubrina (Rhamnaceae). Brittonia 23: 2–53.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=nesom2013a
|text=Nesom, G. L. 2013. Taxonomic notes on Colubrina (Rhamnaceae). Phytoneuron 2013-4: 1–21.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade margins entire, mucronulate to obscurely serrulate, or crenulate.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades 1–2.5(–3.5) cm; Arizona, California, Nevada.
|[[Colubrina californica|Colubrina californica]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades 4–15 cm; Florida.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade abaxial surfaces tawny-tomentose, adaxial surfaces villous-strigose, glabrescent, secondary veins relatively straight, 6–12 pairs; inflorescences 20–50(–70)-flowered; peduncles 8–15 mm.
|[[Colubrina cubensis|Colubrina cubensis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade abaxial surfaces sparsely strigose or red-brown tomentose, glabrescent or persistently tomentose on veins, adaxial surfaces glabrous or tomentose and glabrescent, secondary veins arcuate, (4–)5–9 pairs; inflorescences 8–30-flowered; peduncles 1–10 mm.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves deciduous, blades herbaceous, 4–9 cm, abaxial surfaces sparsely strigose, glabrescent, adaxial surfaces glabrous; peduncles 1–7 mm.
|[[Colubrina elliptica|Colubrina elliptica]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves persistent, blades subcoriaceous, 5–15 cm, both surfaces tomentose, abaxial glabrescent except persistently tomentose on veins, adaxial glabrescent; peduncles (3–)5–10 mm.
|[[Colubrina arborescens|Colubrina arborescens]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade margins serrate, serrulate, or crenate-serrate.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Shrubs, erect to sprawling or clambering; leaf blade surfaces glabrous or glabrate; Florida.
|[[Colubrina asiatica|Colubrina asiatica]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Shrubs or trees, erect, (rarely clambering in C. greggii); leaf blade surfaces (one or both) hairy; sc, sw United States.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades 1–3(–4) cm, margins with 2–20 teeth per side.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades (1–)3–4 cm, margins with 10–20 teeth per side; inflorescences fascicles, 2–4(–7)-flowered, or flowers solitary, peduncles absent.
|[[Colubrina texensis|Colubrina texensis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades 1–2.5(–3.5) cm, margins with 2–7 teeth per side; inflorescences usually cymes or thyrses, 2–12-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, peduncles 1–2 mm.
|[[Colubrina californica|Colubrina californica]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades 3–12 cm, margins with 40–100 teeth per side.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades 3–7.5 cm, margins with 40–70 teeth per side; inflorescences 6–15-flowered, peduncles 2–8 mm.
|[[Colubrina stricta|Colubrina stricta]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades (3–)4–12 cm, margins with 50–100 teeth per side; inflorescences (10–)20–40-flowered; peduncles 5–20 mm.
|[[Colubrina greggii|Colubrina greggii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Colubrina
|author=Guy L. Nesom
|authority=Richard ex Brongniart
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Rhamnaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;se Asia;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);widely
|reference=johnston1971a;nesom2013a
|publication title=Mém. Fam. Rhamnées,
|publication year=1826
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_1035.xml
|genus=Colubrina
|blade architecture=3-veined;veined
|blade coloration=not gland-dotted
|bud-scale presence=absent
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|fruits capsule architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|fruits capsule dehiscence=dehiscent
|hypanthium shape=hemispheric
|hypanthium width=2mm;3mm
|inflorescence position=axillary
|leaf architecture or arrangement=fascicled
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf duration=deciduous;persistent
|nectary fusion=adnate
|nectary texture=fleshy
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3(-4)-locular
|ovary position=inferior
|pedicel presence=absent
|pedicel texture=not fleshy
|peduncle texture=not fleshy
|petal architecture=hooded
|petal coloration=yellowish;creamy white
|petal quantity=5
|petal shape=clawed;obovate;spatulate
|sepal coloration=brown;greenish
|sepal orientation=spreading
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal shape=keeled;ovate-triangular;triangular
|stamen quantity=5
|style fusion=connate
|style quantity=3
|thyrse arrangement=fascicles
|whole_organism architecture=unarmed;unarmed
|whole_organism growth form=tree;shrub
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Rhamnaceae]]