View source for Comandraceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Comandraceae
|accepted_authority=Nickrent & Der
|publications=
|common_names=Bastard Toadflax Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Comandraceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Comandraceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 408
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs </b>or subshrubs, perennial, root parasites, deciduous, synoecious or andromonoecious;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root duration;root reproduction;root reproduction;root pubescence">glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="rhizome orientation;shoot orientation;shoot reproduction"><b>Stems </b>horizontal rhizomes bearing erect fertile shoots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate, simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole presence;petiole presence">petiole present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="">blade margins entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="blade margin architecture or shape;blade margin architecture or shape">venation pinnate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="axillary cymule reproduction;axillary terminal thyrse reproduction"><b>Inflorescences </b>unisexual [bisexual], axillary cymules or terminal thyrses.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual or unisexual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="perianth position;androecium position">perianth and androecium epigynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="hypanthium fusion;hypanthium fusion;ovary fusion">hypanthium completely adnate to ovary or adnate to ovary proximally, free distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="sepal presence">sepals 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="petal atypical quantity;petal atypical quantity;petal quantity;petal fusion;petal fusion;petal arrangement or dehiscence;post-staminal hair presence">petals (4–) 5 (–7), usually connate basally, sometimes distinct, valvate, post-staminal hairs present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="nectary presence">nectary present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;petal arrangement;petal fusion;petal fusion">stamens (4–) 5 (–7), opposite petals, distinct, free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="anther dehiscence;slit dehiscence or orientation">anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil architecture;ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;free-central placentation">pistil 1, 1-carpellate, ovary inferior, 1-locular, placentation free-central, pendulous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="ovule quantity;ovule orientation">ovules 2–4 per locule, anatropous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="style quantity">style 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="stigma quantity">stigma 1.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties=""><b>Fruits </b>pseudodrupes (mesocarp hard, exocarp leathery or fleshy).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="seed quantity"><b>Seeds </b>1 per fruit.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Eurasia
|discussion=<p>Genera 2, species 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Comandraceae have not been recognized at the family rank in past classifications, although Comandra was placed in its own invalidly published tribe Comandreae by P. van Tieghem (1896). Comandra and Geocaulon have a suite of generalized morphological features that can be found in many other genera of Santalaceae in the broad sense. Despite this, Comandra has a number of distinctive embryological features (B. M. Johri and S. P. Bhatnagar 1960; M. Ram 1957). A molecular phylogenetic analysis recovered a strongly supported Comandra and Geocaulon clade, which was recognized as a family by D. L. Nickrent et al. (2010). That clade was placed in a polytomy with other Santalaceae in the broad sense in that study. Comandra and Geocaulon are clearly closely related as revealed by molecular studies; however, M. L. Fernald (1928e) made a good case for maintaining them as separate genera. They differ in a number of features involving the rhizome, plant sex, hypanthium, disc shape, style length, and fruit type.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences terminal thyrses; flowers bisexual; hypanthia free distally, obconic; nectaries lining hypanthium; styles filiform; pseudodrupe exocarps leathery.
|[[Comandra|Comandra]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences axillary cymules; flowers bisexual and staminate (plants andromonoecious); hypanthia completely adnate to ovaries; nectaries nearly flat; styles short-conic; pseudodrupe exocarps fleshy.
|[[Geocaulon|Geocaulon]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Comandraceae
|author=Daniel L. Nickrent
|authority=Nickrent & Der
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Comandraceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Eurasia
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_840.xml
|androecium position=epigynous
|anther dehiscence=dehiscing
|axillary cymule reproduction=unisexual
|axillary terminal thyrse reproduction=unisexual
|blade margin architecture or shape=pinnate;entire
|flower reproduction=unisexual;bisexual
|free-central placentation=pendulous
|hypanthium fusion=free;adnate
|leaf architecture=simple
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|nectary presence=absent
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
|ovary fusion=adnate
|ovary position=inferior
|ovule orientation=anatropous
|ovule quantity=2;4
|perianth position=epigynous
|petal arrangement=opposite
|petal arrangement or dehiscence=valvate
|petal atypical quantity=5;7
|petal fusion=free;distinct;distinct;connate
|petal quantity=5
|petiole presence=absent;absent
|pistil architecture=1-carpellate
|pistil quantity=1
|post-staminal hair presence=absent
|rhizome orientation=horizontal
|root duration=deciduous
|root pubescence=glabrous
|root reproduction=andromonoecious;synoecious
|seed quantity=1
|sepal presence=absent
|shoot orientation=erect
|shoot reproduction=fertile
|slit dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|stamen atypical quantity=5;7
|stamen quantity=5
|stigma quantity=1
|stipule presence=absent
|style quantity=1
|whole_organism duration=perennial;perennial
|whole_organism growth form=subshrub;herb
}}<!--

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