View source for Comarum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Comarum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 502. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 220. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Marshlocks
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Potentilla sect. Comarum
|authority=(Linnaeus) Tausch
|rank=section
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Potentilla subg. Comarum
|authority=(Linnaeus) Syme
|rank=subgenus
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae;Comarum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Comarum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek komaros, strawberry-tree (Arbutus unedo Linnaeus), alluding to similarity of fruit
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 119, 120, 122, 124, 274, 301, 304
|treatment_page=page 300
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, 1–6 dm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">stoloniferous and rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem location;stem quantity;stem orientation;stem location;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem position relational;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem growth form or location;stem location;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem architecture or function or pubescence"><b>Stems </b>1–several, decumbent to ascending aerial stems arising from horizontal ground-level stems, horizontal stems often rooting at nodes, sometimes floating, aerial stems glabrous proximally, finely appressed-hairy and often purplish-glandular distally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf condition;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>usually marcescent, cauline, alternate, odd-pinnate to subpalmate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule condition;stipule fusion;stipule shape;stipule architecture or shape;stipule architecture or shape">stipules marcescent, partially to completely adnate to base of petiole, linear-lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, usually entire, sometimes serrate apically;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole presence;petiole condition">petiole present, marcescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade shape;blade some measurement;blade architecture;leaflet atypical quantity;leaflet quantity;leaflet shape;margin prominence or shape;margin shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence">blade ± cordate in outline, 2–15 cm, foliaceous, leaflets (3–) 5–7, lanceolate or oblanceolate to elliptic or obovate, margins flat, crenate to deeply serrate throughout or apically, venation pinnate, surfaces glabrous or finely appressed hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower pubescence;flower architecture or function or pubescence"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, 1–10-flowered, flowers solitary or loosely cymose, hairy and often purplish-glandular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bract presence;bract architecture;bract size">bracts present, leafy, smaller distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pedicel presence;pedicel course;pedicel course"><b>Pedicels </b>present, straight or nearly so.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower diameter"><b>Flowers </b>1–3 cm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="epicalyx bractlet quantity">epicalyx bractlets 5;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="hypanthium shape;hypanthium length;hypanthium atypical width;hypanthium width;hypanthium pubescence">hypanthium slightly cupulate, 1–2 × (3–) 4–8 mm, villous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal orientation;sepal shape">sepals 5, spreading to reflexed, broadly ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="petal quantity;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal shape;petal height or length or size">petals 5, deep red to purple, rarely pink, ovate to spatulate, shorter than sepals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;stamen height or length or size;petal variability;filament shape;filament shape;filament pubescence;theca architecture or arrangement or growth form;theca shape;theca dehiscence;connective width;marginal slit architecture;marginal slit size or width">stamens (15–) 20–25 (–30), shorter than or equal to petals, filaments filiform, not flattened, glabrous, thecae solitary, horseshoe-shaped, rimming broad connective, dehiscing by continuous, narrow, marginal slit;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="torus shape">torus hemispheric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="carpel quantity;carpel pubescence;style position;style shape">carpels 30–100, glabrous, styles lateral to subbasal, filiform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovule 1.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="fruit duration;fruit quantity;fruit shape;fruit atypical some measurement;fruit some measurement;fruit pubescence;achene arrangement"><b>Fruits </b>aggregated achenes, individually deciduous (sometimes tardily so), 30–100, obliquely ovoid, (1–) 1.3–1.6 mm, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="torus size;torus texture;torus texture;torus pubescence">torus enlarged, spongy, not fleshy, hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="hypanthium duration">hypanthium persistent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal orientation">sepals persistent, reflexed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="">styles persistent, jointed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="style duration;style architecture;x chromosome quantity">x = 14.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Eurasia
|discussion=<p>Species 1.</p><!--
--><p>In North America, Comarum differs from Potentilla by its strikingly deep red to purple petals that are shorter than the sepals and its generally sprawling habit with rooting nodes in distinctly wet habitats. The dark reddish or purplish color generally infuses other floral parts (calyces, anthers, styles). Petals in Potentilla sect. Rubrae (Rydberg) O. Stevens are similarly colored but more or less obcordate and longer than the sepals, and the plants are otherwise typical of that genus in habit, habitat, and palmate leaves.</p><!--
--><p>The fruiting structure of Comarum is intermediate between that of Fragaria and those of most other Potentilleae. As in Fragaria, the torus becomes enlarged and spongy (but not fleshy) in fruit, albeit completely covered by ultimately deciduous achenes. As supported by molecular data (T. Eriksson et al. 1998, 2003), Comarum is more closely related to Fragaria than to Potentilla in the strict sense. It will hybridize with members of Fragaria (J. R. Ellis 1962), giving rise to commercially available pink-flowered strawberries.</p><!--
--><p>This treatment follows J. Soják (2008) in treating Comarum as monospecific; the other species sometimes placed in this genus is Farinopsis salesoviana (Stephan) Chrtek & Soják.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Comarum
|author=Barbara Ertter;James L. Reveal
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Potentilla sect. Comarum;Potentilla subg. Comarum
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|distribution=North America;Eurasia
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V9/V9_487.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae
|genus=Comarum
|achene arrangement=aggregated
|blade architecture=foliaceous
|blade shape=cordate
|blade some measurement=2cm;15cm
|bract architecture=leafy
|bract presence=absent
|bract size=smaller
|bracteole presence=absent
|carpel pubescence=glabrous
|carpel quantity=30;100
|cauline leaf architecture=odd-pinnate;subpalmate
|cauline leaf arrangement=alternate
|connective width=broad
|epicalyx bractlet quantity=5
|filament pubescence=glabrous
|filament shape=not flattened;filiform
|flower architecture=cymose;solitary
|flower architecture or function or pubescence=purplish-glandular
|flower diameter=1cm;3cm
|flower pubescence=hairy
|fruit atypical some measurement=1mm;1.3mm
|fruit duration=deciduous
|fruit pubescence=glabrous
|fruit quantity=30;100
|fruit shape=ovoid
|fruit some measurement=1.3mm;1.6mm
|hypanthium atypical width=3mm;4mm
|hypanthium duration=persistent
|hypanthium length=1mm;2mm
|hypanthium pubescence=villous
|hypanthium shape=cupulate
|hypanthium width=4mm;8mm
|inflorescence architecture=1-10-flowered
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf condition=marcescent
|leaflet atypical quantity=3;5
|leaflet quantity=5;7
|leaflet shape=oblanceolate;elliptic or obovate
|margin architecture or shape=pinnate;serrate
|margin prominence or shape=flat
|margin shape=crenate to deeply
|marginal slit architecture=continuous
|marginal slit size or width=narrow
|ovule quantity=1
|pedicel course=nearly;straight
|pedicel presence=absent
|petal coloration=pink;red;purple
|petal height or length or size=shorter
|petal quantity=5
|petal shape=ovate;spatulate
|petal variability=equal
|petiole condition=marcescent
|petiole presence=absent
|sepal duration=persistent
|sepal orientation=reflexed;spreading;reflexed
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal shape=ovate
|stamen atypical quantity=25;30
|stamen height or length or size=shorter
|stamen quantity=20;25
|stem architecture=rooting
|stem architecture or function or pubescence=purplish-glandular
|stem growth form or location=floating
|stem location=aerial;aerial;aerial
|stem orientation=horizontal;horizontal;arising;decumbent to ascending;decumbent to ascending
|stem position relational=ground-level
|stem pubescence=appressed-hairy;glabrous
|stem quantity=1;several
|stipule architecture or shape=serrate;entire
|stipule condition=marcescent
|stipule fusion=adnate
|stipule shape=linear-lanceolate;elliptic-ovate
|style architecture=jointed
|style duration=persistent
|style position=lateral;subbasal
|style shape=filiform
|surface pubescence=hairy;appressed;glabrous
|theca architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|theca dehiscence=dehiscing
|theca shape=horseshoe--shaped
|torus pubescence=hairy
|torus shape=hemispheric
|torus size=enlarged
|torus texture=not fleshy;spongy
|whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous;stoloniferous
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism some measurement=1dm;6dm
|x chromosome quantity=14
}}<!--

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