View source for Conicosia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Conicosia
|accepted_authority=N. E. Brown
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Chron., ser.
|place=3, 78: 433. 1925
|year=1925
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Aizoaceae;Conicosia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Aizoaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Conicosia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek konikos, cone-shaped, in reference to the capsule
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 77, 86, 8
|treatment_page=page 87
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism texture;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial or biennial, usually short-lived, succulent, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root texture;root architecture"><b>Roots </b>fibrous or tuberous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="shoot life cycle;shoot duration;shoot orientation"><b>Stems:</b> flowering shoots annual, prostrate to ascending.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>rosulate, or cauline and alternate or opposite, sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade arrangement or course or shape;blade architecture;blade shape">blade linear, ± grooved, ± triangular in cross-section.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary, flowers solitary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="peduncle orientation;peduncle atypical some measurement;peduncle some measurement">peduncle erect, 10 (–12) cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bract presence">bracts absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower prominence;flower shape;flower diameter"><b>Flowers </b>showy, tubular, 5–13 cm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="calyx lobe quantity;calyx lobe coloration;calyx lobe size;calyx lobe width;apex shape;lobe position;lobe quantity;lobe texture">calyx lobes 5, green, unequal, wider at base, apex cylindric, basal margins of inner 3 lobes papery;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal fusion;petal coloration">petals (including petaloid staminodia) 250, distinct, free, yellow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="nectary presence">nectary present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen fusion">stamens 500+, distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="filament base pubescence">filament bases hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pistil architecture">pistil 10–25-carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="">ovary inferior, connate in proximal 1/2, 10–25-loculed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="ovary position;ovary fusion;ovary architecture;ovary placentation;seed pocket quantity">placentation parietal with 2 seed pockets on outer wall of each locule;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="style presence">styles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="stigma quantity;stigma shape">stigmas 10–25, filiform.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="fruits capsule shape"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, conic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="valve quantity;valve orientation;valve arrangement;segment quantity">valves 10–25, opening but not spreading when moistened, finally separating into 10–25 segments.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;margin shape;margin architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Seeds </b>75–200, spheric, margins keeled, smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="aril presence">arils absent.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=South Africa
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 10 (1 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>According to G. D. Rowley (1978), “Conicosia capsules open once only on wetting and do not close again. The loose seeds are then shaken out over a period of time as from a pepper pot. Subsequently the light, buoyant capsule breaks off and rolls along the ground, scattering further seeds over greater distances. Finally it decomposes into segments, each composed of a winglike membrane that divided the cell chambers. In this are two tiny pouches, each trapping a single seed. These seeds have a long viability (I have had good germination after five years) and so they ensure perpetuation in time as well as space. Three different dispersal mechanisms from one fruit must constitute something of a record; indeed, the fruits of Mesembryanthemaceae are among the most complicated structurally of any plant.” The two tiny pouches referred to by Rowley often contain multiple seeds, one to three or none per pouch (pers. obs.). See G. Schwantes (1957) for a description and illustration of the pockets, as shown in Conicosia brevicaulis.</p><!--
--><p>Herrea Schwantes is closely related to Conicosia; it has been wrongly cited for California. Conicosia and Herrea share a number of characteristics; they are distinguished by the dissepiments (partitions) of the fruits, which reach to the apex of the valves in Herrea and halfway up the valves in Conicosia. In Herrea, the capsule splits into many segments without a firm central column; in Conicosia, the capsule does not separate into many segments, or at least not until decaying away. Herrea is included in Conicosia by H. D. Ihlenfeldt and M. Gerbaulet (1990). In general, conicosias do well in poor, sandy soils (U. Van der Spuy 1971). They grow readily and naturalize in sandy dune habitats in coastal California.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ihlenfeldt1990a
|text=Ihlenfeldt, H. D. and M. Gerbaulet. 1990. Untersuchungen zum Merkmals-bestand und zur Taxonomie der Gattungen Apatesia N. E. Brown, Carpanthea N. E. Brown, Conicosia N. E. Brown, Herrea Schwantes und Hymenogyne Haworth (Mesembryanthemaceae Fenzl). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 111: 457–498.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Conicosia
|author=John E. Bleck
|authority=N. E. Brown
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Aizoaceae
|distribution=South Africa
|introduced=true
|reference=ihlenfeldt1990a
|publication title=Gard. Chron., ser.
|publication year=1925
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V4/V4_180.xml
|genus=Conicosia
|apex shape=cylindric
|aril presence=absent
|blade architecture=grooved
|blade arrangement or course or shape=linear
|blade shape=triangular
|bract presence=absent
|calyx lobe coloration=green
|calyx lobe quantity=5
|calyx lobe size=unequal
|calyx lobe width=wider
|cauline leaf architecture=sessile
|cauline leaf arrangement=opposite;alternate
|filament base pubescence=hairy
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower diameter=5cm;13cm
|flower prominence=showy
|flower shape=tubular
|fruits capsule shape=conic
|inflorescence position=axillary
|leaf arrangement=rosulate
|lobe position=inner
|lobe quantity=3
|lobe texture=papery
|margin architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|margin shape=keeled
|nectary presence=absent
|ovary architecture=10-25-loculed
|ovary fusion=connate
|ovary placentation=parietal
|ovary position=inferior
|peduncle atypical some measurement=10cm;12cm
|peduncle orientation=erect
|peduncle some measurement=10
|petal coloration=yellow
|petal fusion=free;distinct
|petal quantity=250
|pistil architecture=10-25-carpellate
|root architecture=tuberous
|root texture=fibrous
|seed pocket quantity=2
|seed quantity=75;200
|seed shape=spheric
|segment quantity=10;25
|shoot duration=annual
|shoot life cycle=flowering
|shoot orientation=prostrate;ascending
|stamen fusion=distinct
|stigma quantity=10;25
|stigma shape=filiform
|stipule presence=absent
|style presence=absent
|valve arrangement=separating
|valve orientation=spreading
|valve quantity=10;25
|whole_organism duration=short-lived;biennial;perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism pubescence=glabrous
|whole_organism texture=succulent
}}<!--

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