View source for Coptis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Coptis
|accepted_authority=Salisbury
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Trans. Linn. Soc. London
|place=8:305. 1807
|year=1807
}}
|common_names=Goldthread;coptide
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Coptis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ranunculaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Coptis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek, kopto, to cut, referring to dissected leaves
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;slender rhizome coloration;slender rhizome coloration;slender rhizome coloration;slender rhizome thickness"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from orange, yellow, or pale-brown, slender rhizomes 0.5-2 mm thick.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf position;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>basal, petiolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf-blade architecture;leaf-blade architecture;leaf-blade shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade 1-2-ternately compound, 1-2-pinnately compound, or deeply divided;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;margin shape">leaflets ovate or triangular, lobed or parted, margins sharply serrate to denticulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;cyme architecture;cyme some measurement"><b>Inflorescences </b>scapose, 1-4-flowered cymes, to 3 cm (9 cm in fruit);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="bract presence">bracts absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture or shape"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual and staminate (all bisexual in C. trifoliata), radially symmetric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal coloration;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal some measurement;fruit quantity">sepals not persistent in fruit, 5-7, green to white, plane, linear-lanceolate, oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic, occasionally clawed, 4.2-11 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal coloration;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal some measurement;adaxial nectary arrangement or course or shape">petals 5-7, distinct, green, plane or concave distally, either clavate with adaxial nectary at apex or linear with adaxial nectary near base, clawed, 2-7 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 10-60;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="filament shape">filaments filiform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="staminode presence">staminodes absent between stamens and pistils;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil architecture">pistils 4-15, simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 4-10 per pistil;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="style presence">style present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="fruits follicle architecture;fruits follicle architecture;fruits follicle architecture;side shape;side arrangement;side shape"><b>Fruits </b>follicles, aggregate, stipitate, forming umbellike clusters, oblong to ellipsoid, sides not veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="beak presence;beak presence;beak position or structure subtype;beak course;beak shape;beak some measurement">beak present or absent, terminal, straight or apically hooked, 0-4 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>dark-brown to tan, ellipsoid, shiny, often appearing wrinkled.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed reflectance;seed relief;x chromosome quantity">x=9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Temperate and boreal regions of North America and Asia
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 10 (4 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaflets unlobed or slightly lobed, ± sessile; sepals oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic; nectary near apex of petal; follicle body 3.9–7 mm; beak straight to ascending in fruit, 2–4 mm.
|[[Coptis trifolia|Coptis trifolia]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaflets deeply lobed or pinnatifid, short- to long-petiolulate; sepals linear-lanceolate; nectary near base of petal; follicle body 7–13.5 mm; beak recurved in fruit, less than 1 mm.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade 2-pinnate with pinnatifid leaflets, to 3-pinnate or occasionally 2-ternate; coastal British Columbia to Alaska.
|[[Coptis aspleniifolia|Coptis aspleniifolia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade (1–)2-ternate; sw Washington s to California, e to Montana.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers nodding; leaf blade 2-ternate or ternate with leaflets lobed almost to base; coastal Washington to California.
|[[Coptis laciniata|Coptis laciniata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers erect; leaf blade ternate with leaflets lobed ca. 1/2 length to base; Rocky Mountains of Washington, Idaho, and Montana.
|[[Coptis occidentalis|Coptis occidentalis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Coptis
|author=Bruce A. Ford
|authority=Salisbury
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ranunculaceae
|distribution=Temperate and boreal regions of North America and Asia
|reference=None
|publication title=Trans. Linn. Soc. London
|publication year=1807
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3_419.xml
|genus=Coptis
|adaxial nectary arrangement or course or shape=linear
|beak course=straight
|beak position or structure subtype=terminal
|beak presence=absent;absent
|beak shape=hooked
|beak some measurement=0mm;4mm
|bract presence=absent
|cyme architecture=1-4-flowered
|cyme some measurement=0cm;3cm
|filament shape=filiform
|flower architecture=staminate
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|fruit quantity=5;7
|fruits follicle architecture=not veined;stipitate;aggregate
|inflorescence architecture=scapose
|leaf architecture=petiolate
|leaf position=basal
|leaf-blade architecture=compound;compound
|leaf-blade shape=divided
|leaflet shape=parted;lobed;triangular;ovate;parted;lobed;triangular;ovate
|margin shape=sharply serrate;denticulate
|ovule quantity=4;10
|petal coloration=green
|petal fusion=distinct
|petal quantity=5;7
|petal shape=clawed;clavate;concave;plane
|petal some measurement=2mm;7mm
|pistil architecture=simple
|pistil quantity=4;15
|seed coloration=dark-brown;tan
|seed reflectance=shiny
|seed relief=wrinkled
|seed shape=ellipsoid
|sepal coloration=green;white
|sepal duration=not persistent
|sepal shape=clawed;oblanceolate;obovate or elliptic
|sepal some measurement=4.2mm;11mm
|side arrangement=cluster
|side shape=oblong;ellipsoid
|slender rhizome coloration=pale-brown;yellow;orange
|slender rhizome thickness=0.5mm;2mm
|stamen quantity=10;60
|staminode presence=absent
|style presence=absent
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|x chromosome quantity=9
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ranunculaceae]]