View source for Coreopsis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Coreopsis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 907. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 388. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae;Coreopsis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Coreopsis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek korios, bedbug, and -opsis, resembling, alluding to cypselae of original species
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 51, 184
|treatment_page=page 185
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration;whole-organism duration;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–80 (–200+) cm (often rhizomatous or with cormiform bases, stoloniferous in C. auriculata).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>usually 1, erect, branched distally or ± throughout.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal, basal and cauline, or cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">opposite or alternate or both;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf position;leaf position;leaf position;leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade architecture;blade architecture or shape;blade shape;face pubescence;face pubescence">blades simple and entire (dentate in C. latifolia), or ± pinnately or pedately lobed, faces glabrous or hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture or arrangement;head arrangement;head arrangement"><b>Heads </b>radiate, borne singly or in open, ± corymbiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bractlet atypical quantity;bractlet quantity;bractlet fusion;bractlet growth form or texture"><b>Calyculi </b>of (3–) 8+, distinct, ± herbaceous bractlets.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>± globose to cylindric, 4–25+ mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="phyllary quantity;series quantity"><b>Phyllaries </b>usually ± 8 in ± 2 series (usually distinct, rarely connate ± 1/10 their lengths, mostly oblong to linear, ± membranous, margins ± scarious).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat to convex, paleate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="palea life cycle;palea shape;palea prominence or shape;palea texture">paleae falling, ovate to linear or subulate, ± flat, ± scarious (not adnate to and not falling with cypselae except in C. bigelovii).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="ray-floret atypical quantity;ray-floret quantity;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction"><b>Ray-</b>florets mostly (5–) 8 (–12+, more in “double” cultivars), neuter, or styliferous and sterile, or pistillate and fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration">corollas usually yellow, sometimes redbrown to purple proximally, sometimes wholly purple or pink to white.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="disc-floret quantity;disc-floret reproduction;disc-floret reproduction"><b>Disc-</b>florets 8–150+, bisexual, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla height or length or size;tube variability;lobe quantity;lobe quantity">corollas usually yellow, sometimes redbrown to purple at tips or throughout, tubes equaling or shorter than narrowly funnelform throats, lobes 4 or 5 (adaxial sinus seldom deeper than others).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela architecture;cypsela architecture;wing texture;wing pubescence or texture;wing pubescence or texture;wing shape;wing pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>obcompressed, ± orbiculate to ovate, oblong, or linear, usually thin-margined or winged, wings membranous to chartaceous or corky, entire or lobed to toothed, sometimes ciliolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="face relief">faces smooth or ± papillate to tuberculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="cusp quantity;cusp pubescence">pappi 0, or persistent, of 2 bristly cusps or scales (sometimes pappi 0 and shoulders of cypsela wings ± bristly, pappuslike).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="pappus presence;pappus duration;x chromosome quantity">x = 14.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly temperate North America;also tropical New World and Old World. Early leaves of some coreopsises often differ from later leaves on individual plants
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 35 (28 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Early leaves of some coreopsises often differ from later leaves on individual plants. In such plants, early (proximal) leaves may be 1–3-pinnately or pedately lobed and 12–25+ cm long with 9–15+ orbiculate to lanceolate, linear, or filiform lobes and contrast markedly with later (distal) leaves 1–3 cm that are undivided or have 3–5+ lanceolate to linear or filiform lobes.</p><!--
--><p>Cultivars (often “doubles” with multiple series of “ray” florets) derived from Coreopsis auriculata, C. grandiflora, C. lanceolata, and C. tinctoria are grown in public and residential gardens and are grown commercially for cut flowers.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=jansen1987a
|text=Jansen, R. K., E. B. Smith, and D. J. Crawford. 1987. A cladistic study of North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 157: 73–84.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=smith1976b
|text=Smith, E. B. 1976. A biosystematic survey of Coreopsis in eastern United States and Canada. Sida 6: 123–215.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=smith1984a
|text=Smith, E. B. 1984. Biosystematic study and typification of the Californian Coreopsis (Compositae) sections Tuckermannia, Pugiopappus, and Euleptosyne. Sida 10: 276–289.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ray florets usually pistillate and fertile, sometimes styliferous and sterile
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ray florets neuter (without styles)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs; ray laminae ± elliptic to oblong, broadest at or near middles
|[[Coreopsis sect. Tuckermannia|Coreopsis sect. Tuckermannia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Annuals; ray laminae obovate to ± flabellate, broadest distal to middles
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cypselae of disc florets ciliolate; pappi of 2 lanceolate to subulate scales
|[[Coreopsis sect. Pugiopappus|Coreopsis sect. Pugiopappus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cypselae of disc florets not ciliolate; pappi 0 or coroniform (0.1–0.2 mm)
|[[Coreopsis sect. Leptosyne|Coreopsis sect. Leptosyne]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades usually not lobed, rarely with 1–2 auricles at bases (margins dentate); rayflorets 4–5; disc florets 10–15+
|[[Coreopsis sect. Silphidium|Coreopsis sect. Silphidium]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades sometimes lobed (ultimate margins not dentate); ray florets (5–)8(–13; more in "double" cultivars); disc florets 30–150+
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Disc corolla lobes 5; style-branch apices usually ± penicillate, sometimes short-conic or truncate-mucronate
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Disc corolla lobes 4; style-branch apices ± truncate
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Ray laminae ± oblong-elliptic to suborbiculate, broadest at or near middles; paleae usually linear to subulate, often distally dilated
|[[Coreopsis sect. Gyrophyllum|Coreopsis sect. Gyrophyllum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Ray laminae ± cuneate, broadest distal to middles; paleae basally ± lanceolate to linear, distally attenuate (± filiform)
|[[Coreopsis sect. Coreopsis|Coreopsis sect. Coreopsis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades sometimes with 1–2 lateral lobes; cypselae sometimes winged, wings ± pectinate or toothed
|[[Coreopsis sect. Eublepharis|Coreopsis sect. Eublepharis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades usually 1–2(–3)-pinnately lobed; cypselae sometimes winged, wingsentire
|[[Coreopsis sect. Calliopsis|Coreopsis sect. Calliopsis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Coreopsis
|author=John L. Strother
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Mostly temperate North America;also tropical New World and Old World. Early leaves of some coreopsises often differ from later leaves on individual plants
|reference=jansen1987a;smith1976b;smith1984a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_451.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae
|genus=Coreopsis
|blade architecture=simple
|blade architecture or shape=entire
|blade shape=lobed
|bractlet atypical quantity=3;8
|bractlet fusion=distinct
|bractlet growth form or texture=herbaceous
|corolla coloration=redbrown;purple
|corolla height or length or size=shorter
|cusp pubescence=bristly
|cusp quantity=2
|cypsela architecture=winged;thin-margined
|cypsela shape=less orbiculate;ovate oblong or linear
|disc-floret quantity=8;150
|disc-floret reproduction=fertile;bisexual
|face pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|face relief=more or less papillate;tuberculate
|head architecture or arrangement=radiate
|head arrangement=in open , more or less corymbiform arrays;singly
|involucre diameter=4mm;25mm
|involucre shape=less globose;cylindric
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf arrangement=both;alternate;opposite
|leaf position=cauline;cauline;cauline;cauline;basal;basal
|lobe quantity=5;4
|palea life cycle=falling
|palea prominence or shape=flat
|palea shape=ovate;linear or subulate
|palea texture=scarious
|pappus duration=persistent
|pappus presence=absent
|phyllary quantity=8
|ray-floret architecture=pistillate;styliferous;neuter;styliferous;neuter
|ray-floret atypical quantity=5;8
|ray-floret quantity=8
|ray-floret reproduction=fertile;sterile
|receptacle architecture=paleate
|receptacle shape=flat;convex
|series quantity=2
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=erect
|stem quantity=1
|tube variability=equaling
|whole-organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole_organism atypical some measurement=80cm;200cm
|whole_organism growth form=shrub;subshrub
|whole_organism some measurement=10cm;80cm
|wing pubescence=ciliolate
|wing pubescence or texture=corky;chartaceous
|wing shape=lobed;toothed
|wing texture=membranous
|x chromosome quantity=14
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae]]