View source for Crepis ← Crepis You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Crepis |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=2: 805. 1753 |year=1753 }}, {{Treatment/Publication |title=Gen. Pl. ed. |place=5, 350. 1754 |year=1754 }} |common_names=Hawksbeard;crépis |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae;Crepis |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Crepis]]</div></div> |etymology=Greek krepis, slipper or sandal, possibly alluding to shape of cypselae, a name of a plant in writings by Theophrastus |volume=Volume 19 |mention_page=page 214, 216, 217, 219, 223, 228 |treatment_page=page 222 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration"><b>Annuals,</b> biennials, or perennials, 3–120 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism duration;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism duration">usually taprooted, sometimes rhizomatous (roots deep or shallow, woody or fibrous, caudices often woody).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>1–20+, erect to decumbent, simple (sometimes scapiform) or branched, usually striate, glabrous or hairy, often densely hispid or setose (hairs often stipitate-glandular).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal (often in rosettes) and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture">petiolate (at least basal, petioles ± winged);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="basal blade shape;basal blade shape;basal blade shape;basal blade shape;basal blade shape;basal blade shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;lobe shape">basal blades mostly elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate to linear, or spatulate to oblanceolate, often lyrate or runcinate, margins entire, dentate, serrate, toothed, or pinnately lobed, lobes sometimes toothed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="cauline blade presence;cauline blade shape;cauline blade shape;cauline blade size;cauline blade shape">cauline usually present, lobed or entire, usually reduced in size and lobing distally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="head arrangement;array architecture;array architecture;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>(erect) usually in cymiform, corymbiform, or paniculiform arrays, sometimes borne singly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="peduncle shape;peduncle architecture"><b>Peduncles </b>not inflated distally, not bracteate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="calyculus size;calyculus shape;bractlet size;bractlet pubescence;bractlet pubescence;bractlet pubescence;bractlet pubescence;bractlet pubescence;series quantity"><b>Calyculi </b>of 5–12, reduced, subulate to lanceolate or deltate bractlets in ± 1 series, mostly unequal, glabrous, tomentulose, or setose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>cylindric to campanulate (sometimes becoming turbinate in fruit), 4–15 mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="phyllary quantity;phyllary shape;phyllary variability;phyllary size;series quantity;margin coloration;margin texture;apex shape;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;abaxial face pubescence;adaxial face pubescence;adaxial face pubescence;hair fixation or orientation"><b>Phyllaries </b>5–18 in 1–2 series, lanceolate, equal or subequal, (bases becoming thickened and keeled, keels sometimes pronounced in fruit) margins green to yellowish, often scarious, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces glabrous, tomentose, or setose, sometimes stipitate-glandular, adaxial glabrous or with appressed hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle relief;receptacle pubescence;receptacle pubescence;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat or convex, usually pitted, glabrous or hairy, epaleate [paleate, paleae narrow, thin].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>5–100+;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration">corollas usually yellow or orange, sometimes white, pink, or reddish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="cypsela architecture;cypsela growth form;cypsela coloration;cypsela coloration;cypsela coloration;cypsela coloration;cypsela coloration;cypsela coloration;cypsela coloration;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela course;apex shape;apex shape;rib quantity;rib relief or texture;face pubescence;face pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>monomorphic or dimorphic, yellow, brown, green, red, and/or black, subcylindric or fusiform, terete or subterete, usually curved, apices tapered or beaked, ribs 10–20, sometimes spiculate-roughened, faces glabrous or hispidulous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pappus duration;pappus life cycle;pappus fusion;pappus fusion;pappus coloration;pappus relief;pappus width;pappus variability;series quantity">pappi persistent or falling, of 80–150, usually distinct, sometimes basally connate, white to tawny, coarse to fine, ± equal (or outer shorter), barbellulate bristles in 1–2 series.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="bristle architecture;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 3, 4, 5, 6, 11.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;Eurasia;Africa;nearly worldwide |discussion=<p>Species ca. 200 (24 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>Crepis is generally recognized by the rosettes of coarse, often pinnately lobed leaves, erect heads, epaleate receptacles, calyculate involucres, yellow corollas, subcylindric or fusiform, ribbed cypselae, and pappi of barbellulate bristles. The taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of Crepis were studied by E. B. Babcock (1947) and his associates. Their work was thorough and important because of the effort to incorporate cytogenetic information in the evolutionary analysis. Extensive survey of chromosome number and karyotype indicated two major ploidy groups in Crepis, corresponding to New World and Old World species complexes. Of the 12 species of Crepis native to North America, 10 are polyploids with x = 11. The core diploid populations commonly occupy discrete ecologic zones and are thought to be entirely distinct from one another, yet they are interconnected by a continuous complex series of intergrading polyploid forms that are partly or completely apomictic (Babcock). The polyploids are of two forms, autopolyploids that are similar to the diploids, and allopolyploids that combine the characteristics of two or more diploid species. The allopolyploid forms of hybrid origin may exhibit the characteristics of multiple parental species and therefore are difficult to classify. Some of the heterogeneous apomictic populations, or groups of populations, have been grouped together and recognized as subspecies; those taxa are often difficult to identify and further study is clearly needed. Despite these difficulties, the subspecific taxa of Babcock were tentatively included in the present study. The Old World species are mostly diploid (n = 3, 4, 5, or 6). Babcock concluded that there was a progressive decrease in the chromosome numbers, from n = 6 to n = 3. Along with the decrease is a corresponding increase in chromosome asymmetry and reduction in chromosome length.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=babcock1947a |text=Babcock, E. B. 1947. The genus Crepis. Pt. 1: The taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution, and evolution of Crepis. Pt. II: Systematic treatment. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 21, 22. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Annuals or biennials (perennials; taproots usually shallow) |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Perennials (taproots and caudices becoming woody) |[[#key-0-11| > 11]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Stems branched (dichotomously, heads sessile in axils); phyllaries lanceolate (inner becoming indurate, often enclosing and partially fused to cypselae) |[[Crepis zacintha|Crepis zacintha]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Stems branched (not dichotomously); phyllaries lanceolate to lance-linear (free from cypselae) |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Cypselae not beaked (apices sometimes ± narrowed) |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Cypselae (at least inner) beaked |[[#key-0-8| > 8]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Stems (at least proximally) hispid and stipitate-glandular (viscid) |[[Crepis pulchra|Crepis pulchra]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Stems glabrate, glabrescent, hispid, ± setose, tomentose, or tomentulose (not viscid) |[[#key-0-5| > 5]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Adaxial faces of phyllaries ± appressed-hairy (hairs white, shiny, 0.1–0.2+ mm) |[[#key-0-6| > 6]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Adaxial faces of phyllaries glabrous |[[#key-0-7| > 7]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Annuals; abaxial faces of phyllaries tomentose to hispidulous; cypselae reddish or purplish brown, 3–4 mm; pappi 4–5 mm |[[Crepis tectorum|Crepis tectorum]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Biennials; abaxial faces of phyllaries ± canescent-tomentose; cypselae yellowish or reddish brown, 4–7 mm; pappi 5–7 mm |[[Crepis biennis|Crepis biennis]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Involucres 5–8 mm; phyllaries glandular-setose (setae black, in 2 rows); cypselae 1.5–2.5 mm |[[Crepis capillaris|Crepis capillaris]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Involucres 8–10 mm; phyllaries glabrous or glabrate; cypselae 2.5–4 mm |[[Crepis nicaeensis|Crepis nicaeensis]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Cypselae dimorphic |[[#key-0-9| > 9]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Cypselae usually monomorphic |[[#key-0-10| > 10]] |-id=key-0-9 |9 |Stems scapiform; heads 1–2 (borne singly); corollas pink or white |[[Crepis rubra|Crepis rubra]] |-id=key-0-9 |9 |Stems branched; heads 3–10+; corollas mostly yellow, usually reddish purple abaxially |[[Crepis foetida|Crepis foetida]] |-id=key-0-10 |10 |Stems coarsely setose or hispid (setae yellowish); calyculi of 10–14 bractlets (not reflexed); cypselae reddish brown, beaks 1–2 mm |[[Crepis setosa|Crepis setosa]] |-id=key-0-10 |10 |Stems glabrate or hispid and/or tomentose, sometimes sparsely setose (setae black); calyculi of 5–12 bractlets (reflexed); cypselae pale brown or yellowish, beaks 2–5 mm |[[Crepis vesicaria|Crepis vesicaria]] |-id=key-0-11 |11 |Plants glabrous |[[#key-0-12| > 12]] |-id=key-0-11 |11 |Plants usually ± hairy, sometimes glabrous |[[#key-0-14| > 14]] |-id=key-0-12 |12 |Stems arcuate or decumbent, scapiform; heads 2–3; cypselae beaked (beak lengths nearly 2 times bodies) |[[Crepis bursifolia|Crepis bursifolia]] |-id=key-0-12 |12 |Stems ± erect or ascending, usually branched; heads 5–10(–100); cypselae seldom beaked (beaks relatively short) |[[#key-0-13| > 13]] |-id=key-0-13 |13 |Stems in dense clumps (plants often rhizomatous), simple or branched proximally; leaves 2–9 × 0.5–2.5 cm; involucres 8–13 mm; cypselae subcylindric to fusiform, apices sometimes tapered or narrowed, not beaked, ribs 10–13, broad, smooth; alpine habitats |[[Crepis nana|Crepis nana]] |-id=key-0-13 |13 |Stems in loose clumps (plants taprooted, roots vertical), branched dichotomously distally; leaves 1–4 × 0.5–1.5 cm; involucres 8–10 mm; cypselae fusiform, apices beaked (beaks 1–2 mm), ribs 10, narrow, minutely spiculate- roughened; stream banks, gravel bars |[[Crepis elegans|Crepis elegans]] |-id=key-0-14 |14 |Leaves usually entire or weakly dentate, sometimes closely dentate, serrate, or pinnately lobed |[[#key-0-15| > 15]] |-id=key-0-14 |14 |Leaves usually pinnately lobed or sharply serrate |[[#key-0-16| > 16]] |-id=key-0-15 |15 |Stems scapiform; leaves mostly basal (rosettes), cauline leaves reduced; involucres turbinate-campanulate, 10–12 × 8–12 mm |[[Crepis runcinata|Crepis runcinata]] |-id=key-0-15 |15 |Stems branched distally; leaves mostly cauline (blades broadly oblanceolate to elliptic); involucres cylindro-campanulate, 10–15 × 6–12 mm |[[Crepis pannonica|Crepis pannonica]] |-id=key-0-16 |16 |Stems usually densely setose, stipitate-glandular (setae 1–3 mm) |[[Crepis monticola|Crepis monticola]] |-id=key-0-16 |16 |Stems usually tomentose or tomentulose, sometimes glabrate or bristly-setose (setae or hairs to 1 mm) |[[#key-0-17| > 17]] |-id=key-0-17 |17 |Phyllaries tomentose to tomentulose and/or setose (setae blackish, green, or whitish); cypselae dark to olive, greenish, or reddish brown, yellowish, or blackish, weakly ribbed or striate |[[#key-0-18| > 18]] |-id=key-0-17 |17 |Phyllaries usually glabrous, tomentose or tomentulose, sometimes stipitate-glandular or sparsely setose (setae black); cypselae yellowish or reddish brown or dark to blackish green, distinctly ribbed |[[#key-0-19| > 19]] |-id=key-0-18 |18 |Plants 5–35 cm; heads 1–9; involucres 11–21 × 5–10 mm; phyllaries densely tomentose or setose |[[Crepis modocensis|Crepis modocensis]] |-id=key-0-18 |18 |Plants 20–80 cm; heads 15–20+; involucres 9–17 × 4–7 mm; phyllaries tomentulose and coarsely green-setose |[[Crepis barbigera|Crepis barbigera]] |-id=key-0-19 |19 |Phyllaries 5–8; florets 5–10(–15) |[[#key-0-20| > 20]] |-id=key-0-19 |19 |Phyllaries 7–18; florets 6–40 |[[#key-0-21| > 21]] |-id=key-0-20 |20 |Heads 7–10(–30) in corymbiform arrays; phyllaries densely tomentulose near margins (strongly keeled, medians usually glabrous); cypselae reddish brown |[[Crepis pleurocarpa|Crepis pleurocarpa]] |-id=key-0-20 |20 |Heads 30–70(–100+) in compound, corymbiform arrays; phyllaries usually glabrous, sometimes evenly tomentose (not strongly keeled); cypselae yellowish or brown |[[Crepis acuminata|Crepis acuminata]] |-id=key-0-21 |21 |Leaf lobes narrowly lanceolate or linear; cypselae dark or blackish green, apices tapered, not beaked |[[Crepis atribarba|Crepis atribarba]] |-id=key-0-21 |21 |Leaf lobes deltate or broadly lanceolate; cypselae yellowish or brownish, apices narrowed to strongly tapered |[[#key-0-22| > 22]] |-id=key-0-22 |22 |Plants 25–60 cm; heads (10–)20–60, in ± flat-topped, compound, corymbiform arrays; involucres narrowly cylindric, 3–5 mm diam.; florets 7–12 |[[Crepis intermedia|Crepis intermedia]] |-id=key-0-22 |22 |Plants 8–40 cm; heads (1–)2–22, in corymbiform, cymiform, or paniculiform arrays; involucres cylindric, 5–15 mm diam.; florets 9–40. |[[#key-0-23| > 23]] |-id=key-0-23 |23 |Stems hispid, sometimes stipitate-glandular distally; leaves: faces gray-tomentose; phyllaries sometimes stipitate-glandular |[[Crepis occidentalis|Crepis occidentalis]] |-id=key-0-23 |23 |Stems sparsely to densely tomentose, often stipitate-glandular proximally; leaves: faces sparsely to densely tomentose, stipitate-glandular (midribs red in fresh specimens): phyllar- ies conspicuously stipitate-glandular |[[Crepis bakeri|Crepis bakeri]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Crepis |author=David J. Bogler |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Asteraceae |illustrator=Bee F. Gunn |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association |distribution=North America;Eurasia;Africa;nearly worldwide |reference=babcock1947a |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. |publication year=1753;1754 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_274.xml |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae |genus=Crepis |abaxial face pubescence=stipitate-glandular;setose;tomentose;setose;tomentose;glabrous |adaxial face pubescence=with appressed hairs;glabrous |apex shape=beaked;tapered;acute;acuminate |array architecture=paniculiform;corymbiform;cymiform |basal blade shape=runcinate;lyrate;lanceolate;linear or spatulate |bractlet pubescence=setose;tomentulose;setose;tomentulose;glabrous |bractlet size=unequal |bristle architecture=barbellulate |calyculus shape=subulate;lanceolate or deltate |calyculus size=reduced |cauline blade presence=absent |cauline blade shape=lobing;entire;lobed |cauline blade size=reduced |corolla coloration=reddish;pink;reddish;pink;white;orange;yellow |cypsela architecture=monomorphic |cypsela coloration=black;red;black;red;green;brown;yellow |cypsela course=curved |cypsela growth form=dimorphic |cypsela shape=subterete;terete;fusiform;subcylindric;subterete;terete;fusiform;subcylindric |face pubescence=hispidulous;glabrous |floret quantity=5;100 |hair fixation or orientation=appressed |head arrangement=singly |involucre diameter=4mm;15mm |involucre shape=cylindric;campanulate |leaf architecture=petiolate |leaf position=cauline;basal |lobe shape=toothed |margin architecture or shape=dentate;entire |margin coloration=green;yellowish |margin shape=lobed;toothed;lobed;toothed;serrate |margin texture=scarious |pappus coloration=white;tawny |pappus duration=persistent |pappus fusion=connate;distinct |pappus life cycle=falling |pappus relief=coarse |pappus variability=equal |pappus width=fine |peduncle architecture=not bracteate |peduncle shape=inflated |phyllary quantity=5;18 |phyllary shape=lanceolate |phyllary size=subequal |phyllary variability=equal |receptacle architecture=epaleate |receptacle pubescence=hairy;glabrous |receptacle relief=pitted |receptacle shape=convex;flat |rib quantity=10;20 |rib relief or texture=spiculate-roughened |series quantity=1;2 |stem architecture=branched;simple |stem orientation=erect;decumbent |stem pubescence=setose;hispid;hairy;glabrous;striate |stem quantity=1;20 |whole-organism architecture=taprooted;rhizomatous;taprooted |whole-organism duration=perennial;biennial;annual |whole-organism some measurement=3cm;120cm |x chromosome quantity=11;6;5;4;3 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Asteraceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Crepis.