View source for Ctenidium ← Ctenidium You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Ctenidium |accepted_authority=(Schimper) Mitten |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=J. Linn. Soc., Bot. |place=12: 509. 1869 |year=1869 }} |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym |name=Hypnum subg. Ctenidium |authority=Schimper |rank=subgenus |publication_title=Syn. Musc. Eur., |publication_place=631. 1860 }} |synonyms= |hierarchy=Hypnaceae;Ctenidium |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Hypnaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ctenidium]]</div></div> |etymology=Greek ktenos, comb, and -idium, diminutive, alluding to branching pattern |volume=Volume 28 |mention_page=page 515, 516, 524, 642 |treatment_page=page 522 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism size;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism reflectance;whole_organism growth form;mat architecture or fragility"><b>Plants </b>small to medium-sized, seldom large, in loose mats, light green, dull.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem growth form or orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>usually creeping, pinnate or subpinnate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="hyalodermi presence;central strand presence">hyalodermis absent, central strand present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="pseudoparaphyllium shape">pseudoparaphyllia triangular to ovatelanceolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stem variability;branch leaf variability"><b>Stem </b>and branch leaves differentiated.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="stem-leaf orientation;stem-leaf shape;stem-leaf shape;stem-leaf architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation"><b>Stem-</b>leaves spreading, falcate, ovatelanceolate to triangular-acuminate, not or weakly plicate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="base shape">base broadly decurrent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="margin orientation;margin shape;margin shape">margins usually recurved basally, plane distally, denticulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="apex shape">apex acuminate from near base or mid leaf;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="">costa usually double, short or to 1/4 leaf length;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="costa length;cell variability;cell height or length or size;cell shape">alar cells weakly differentiated, short to long-rectangular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="">laminal cells distally prorulose abaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties=""><b>Branch </b>leaves longer lanceolate, smaller.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties=""><b>Specialized </b>asexual reproduction absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="branch leaf length or size;branch leaf shape;branch leaf size;branch leaf development;branch leaf reproduction;branch leaf presence;branch leaf reproduction;branch leaf reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition dioicous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="outer perichaetial leaf orientation;inner leaf orientation;inner leaf shape;apex shape">outer perichaetial leaves weakly reflexed, inner leaves erect, ovatelanceolate, apex acuminate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="seta coloration;seta architecture or pubescence or relief;seta pubescence or relief"><b>Seta </b>reddish, smooth, occasionally scabrous near capsule.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="capsule orientation;capsule shape;capsule course;capsule size"><b>Capsule </b>nodding to horizontal, short-elliptic to cylindric and curved, not or somewhat constricted below mouth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="annulus variability;annulus architecture or arrangement;annulus architecture or arrangement;cell size">annulus somewhat differentiated, 1-seriate or 2-seriate, cells large;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="operculum architecture or shape">operculum conic-apiculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="">peristome double;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="exostome tooth relief;exostome tooth relief">exostome teeth with external surface with zigzag central line, lamellose, striolate proximally, papillose distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="basal membrane height;segment shape;cilium quantity;cilium shape">endostome basal membrane high, segments as high as exostome, keeled, cilia 1–3, elongate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="calyptra pubescence"><b>Calyptra </b>weakly prorulose distally, hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="spore shape;spore relief"><b>Spores </b>spheric, finely papillose.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Nearly worldwide (with concentration in se Asia);temperate and tropical areas |discussion=<p>Species ca. 21 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>The recent revision by N. Nishimura (1985) provides a standard reference for this large genus of difficult to distinguish species. At the genus level, Ctenidium is quickly identified by the combination of the absent stem hyalodermis, laminal cells prorulose abaxially at distal ends, and falcate leaves. Ctenidium differs from Hypnum and most other genera of Hypnaceae by the prorulose laminal cells; it differs from the prorulose Chryso-hypnum by the prorulae evident at both cell ends, not just the distal ends, and leaves approximately straight, not curved. The axillary hairs are 3-celled; the leaf bases are often cordate and often concave between the alar region and costa; the basal laminal cells are short-rectangular, and the medial cells are long-rectangular. The antheridiate plants are usually smaller than the archegoniate; the exostome teeth are subulate-acuminate, yellow-brown, and internally trabeculate; and the endostome segments are pale yellow, weakly papillose, and split along the median line.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Leaves at stem apices unevenly divergent; stem leaf apices acuminate from mid leaf; stem leaf laminal cells 50-80 µm, weakly prorulose; margins weakly denticulate; branch leaf margins recurved basally. |[[Ctenidium schofieldii|Ctenidium schofieldii]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Leaves at stem apices evenly divergent; stem leaf apices acuminate from near base; stem leaf laminal cells 40-50 µm, strongly prorulose at least distally; margins strongly denticulate; branch leaf margins rarely recurved basally. |[[Ctenidium molluscum|Ctenidium molluscum]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Ctenidium |author=Richard H. Zander |authority=(Schimper) Mitten |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms=Hypnum subg. Ctenidium |family=Hypnaceae |distribution=Nearly worldwide (with concentration in se Asia);temperate and tropical areas |reference=None |publication title=J. Linn. Soc., Bot. |publication year=1869 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_808.xml |genus=Ctenidium |annulus architecture or arrangement=2-seriate;1-seriate |annulus variability=differentiated |apex shape=acuminate;acuminate |basal membrane height=high |base shape=decurrent |branch leaf development=specialized |branch leaf length or size=longer |branch leaf presence=absent |branch leaf reproduction=dioicous;sexual;asexual |branch leaf shape=lanceolate |branch leaf size=smaller |branch leaf variability=differentiated |calyptra pubescence=hairy |capsule course=curved |capsule orientation=nodding;horizontal |capsule shape=short-elliptic;cylindric |capsule size=constricted |cell height or length or size=short |cell shape=long-rectangular |cell size=large |cell variability=differentiated |central strand presence=absent |cilium quantity=1;3 |cilium shape=elongate |costa length=0;1/4 |exostome tooth relief=papillose;striolate |hyalodermi presence=absent |inner leaf orientation=erect |inner leaf shape=ovatelanceolate |margin orientation=recurved |margin shape=denticulate;plane |mat architecture or fragility=loose |operculum architecture or shape=conic-apiculate |outer perichaetial leaf orientation=reflexed |pseudoparaphyllium shape=triangular;ovatelanceolate |segment shape=keeled |seta architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |seta coloration=reddish |seta pubescence or relief=scabrous |spore relief=papillose |spore shape=spheric |stem architecture=subpinnate;pinnate |stem growth form or orientation=creeping |stem variability=differentiated |stem-leaf architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation=plicate |stem-leaf orientation=spreading |stem-leaf shape=ovatelanceolate;triangular-acuminate |whole_organism coloration=light green |whole_organism growth form=plant |whole_organism reflectance=dull |whole_organism size=large;small;medium-sized }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Hypnaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Hypnaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/ID/Basionym (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Ctenidium.