View source for Cynara

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cynara
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 827. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 359. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Cynara
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cynara]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek kynara, artichoke
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 57, 58, 66, 67, 83
|treatment_page=page 89
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;herbage pubescence"><b>Annuals </b>or perennials, 50–250 cm, herbage ± arachnoid-tomentose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem fragility or size"><b>Stems </b>± erect, simple or branched, (leafy), stout.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate (basal and proximal cauline) or sessile (distal cauline);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade margin shape;blade margin shape;blade margin architecture;blade margin architecture;blade margin architecture;blade margin position;blade margin size;blade margin shape;marginal spine size;marginal spine fragility or size;distalmost leaf shape;abaxial face pubescence;adaxial leaf pubescence;adaxial leaf pubescence;adaxial leaf architecture or function or pubescence">blade margins 1–3-pinnately lobed or divided, sometimes essentially compound, spineless or with slender to very stout marginal spines, cauline progressively smaller and less divided distally, distalmost bractlike, abaxial faces pilose to densely gray-tomentose, adaxial glabrous or thinly tomentose, sometimes glandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head architecture or shape;head arrangement;head arrangement;terminal array architecture or shape;terminal array architecture"><b>Heads </b>discoid, borne singly or in few-headed, terminal, cymiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre size;involucre diameter"><b>Involucres </b>hemispheric or ovoid, sometimes constricted distally, 5–15 cm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="phyllary quantity;phyllary size;series quantity"><b>Phyllaries </b>many in 5–8+ series, unequal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="outer phyllary shape;outer phyllary texture;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture;margin architecture;base fixation or orientation;apical appendage orientation">outer lanceolate to broadly ovate, leathery, margins entire, with appressed bases and spreading apical appendages, acute to broadly obtuse or truncate, spine-tipped or spineless;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inner phyllary texture">inner scarious.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture;receptacle pubescence"><b>Receptacles </b>concave to flat or convex, epaleate, densely long-bristly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>many;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;tube size;throat size;throat shape;lobe arrangement or course or shape">corollas white, blue, or purple, tubes very slender, throats abruptly expanded, cylindric, lobes linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="anther base shape;anther base shape;apical appendage shape">anther bases long-sagittate, fringed, apical appendages oblong;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="portion fusion;portion length or size;portion shape;portion relief;portion fusion;portion size">style-branches: fused portions long, cylindric, minutely papillate, distinct portions minute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela architecture or shape;cypsela shape;cypsela pubescence;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or pubescence or relief;attachment scar position"><b>Cypselae </b>± cylindric to obpyramidal, ± 4-angled, finely ribbed, sometimes ± flattened, glabrous, apices truncate, smooth, attachment scars basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="bristle quantity;bristle fragility;series quantity">pappi falling in rings of many (white or brownish), stiff bristles in 3–7 series, connate at bases, plumose proximally, often merely barbed distally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pappus life cycle;pappus fusion;pappus shape;pappus architecture or shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 34.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mediterranean region;Macaronesia;w Asia
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 8 (1 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=wiklund1992a
|text=Wiklund, A. 1992. The genus Cynara L. (Asteraceae–Cardueae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 109: 75–123.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cynara
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Mediterranean region;Macaronesia;w Asia
|introduced=true
|reference=wiklund1992a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_39.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Cynara
|abaxial face pubescence=pilose;densely gray-tomentose
|adaxial leaf architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|adaxial leaf pubescence=tomentose;glabrous
|anther base shape=fringed;long-sagittate
|apex architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|apex architecture or shape=truncate
|apical appendage orientation=spreading
|apical appendage shape=oblong
|attachment scar position=basal
|base fixation or orientation=appressed
|blade margin architecture=with slender to very very stout marginal spines;spineless;compound
|blade margin position=cauline
|blade margin shape=divided;divided;lobed
|blade margin size=smaller
|bristle fragility=stiff
|bristle quantity=many
|corolla coloration=purple;blue;purple;blue;white
|cypsela architecture or shape=ribbed
|cypsela pubescence=glabrous
|cypsela shape=flattened;4-angled;less cylindric;obpyramidal
|distalmost leaf shape=bractlike
|floret quantity=many
|head architecture or shape=discoid
|head arrangement=in few-headed , terminal , cymiform arrays;singly
|herbage pubescence=arachnoid-tomentose
|inner phyllary texture=scarious
|involucre diameter=5cm;15cm
|involucre shape=ovoid;hemispheric
|involucre size=constricted
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe arrangement or course or shape=linear
|margin architecture=spineless;spine-tipped
|margin architecture or shape=truncate;entire
|margin shape=acute;broadly obtuse
|marginal spine fragility or size=stout
|marginal spine size=slender to very
|outer phyllary shape=lanceolate;broadly ovate
|outer phyllary texture=leathery
|pappus architecture or shape=barbed
|pappus fusion=connate
|pappus life cycle=falling
|pappus shape=plumose
|phyllary quantity=many
|phyllary size=unequal
|portion fusion=distinct;fused
|portion length or size=long
|portion relief=papillate
|portion shape=cylindric
|portion size=minute
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle pubescence=long-bristly
|receptacle shape=concave;flat or convex
|series quantity=3;7
|stem architecture=branched;simple
|stem fragility or size=stout
|stem orientation=erect
|terminal array architecture=cymiform
|terminal array architecture or shape=few-headed
|throat shape=cylindric
|throat size=expanded
|tube size=slender
|whole-organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole-organism some measurement=50cm;250cm
|x chromosome quantity=34
}}<!--

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