View source for Cynosurus ← Cynosurus You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Cynosurus |accepted_authority=L. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Cynosurus |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cynosurus]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 685 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">sometimes rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm orientation"><b>Culms </b>1.5-90 cm, erect.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="cauline leaf quantity"><b>Cauline </b>leaves 1-3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="sheath architecture">sheaths open to the base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="ligule architecture or shape;ligule architecture or shape;ligule architecture or relief;ligule pubescence">ligules truncate, entire, erose, or ciliolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="blade prominence or shape">blades flat.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence shape;inflorescence shape;inflorescence shape;inflorescence architecture or orientation or position"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal panicles, condensed, often spikelike, linear to almost globose, more or less unilateral;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="branch fragility;branch course;branch architecture or pubescence or relief;branch pubescence;branch pubescence;branch relief;pedicel fragility;pedicel course;pedicel architecture or pubescence or relief;pedicel pubescence;pedicel relief;hair some measurement">branches and pedicels stiff, straight, smooth and glabrous or almost so, sometimes slightly scabridulous, scabrules/hairs to 0.1 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="spikelet growth form;spikelet arrangement;spikelet architecture;spikelet shape;proximal spikelet reproduction;spikelet position;spikelet reproduction;branch architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Spikelets </b>dimorphic, usually paired, subsessile to shortly pedicellate, laterally compressed, proximal spikelet of each pair sterile, almost completely concealing the fertile spikelet, distal spikelet on each branch sometimes solitary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="">disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the florets.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="spikelet reproduction;spikelet duration;floret quantity;floret size;lemma shape;lemma architecture or shape;awn position or structure subtype"><b>Sterile </b>spikelets persistent, with 6-18 florets, florets reduced to narrow, linear-lanceolate lemmas, sometimes awned, awns terminal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="glume size or width;glume arrangement or course or shape">glumes narrow, linear.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="spikelet reproduction;spikelet position;spikelet reproduction;floret quantity"><b>Fertile </b>spikelets adaxial to the sterile spikelets, with 1-5 florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="rachilla pubescence;rachilla length">rachillas glabrous, prolonged beyond the base of the distal floret;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="glume quantity;glume size;glume height or length or size;glume width;glume shape;glume architecture;glume shape;glume architecture or shape">glumes 2, subequal and shorter than the spikelets, thin, lanceolate, 1-veined, acute, sometimes awned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="callus height or length or size;callus shape;callus pubescence">calluses short, blunt, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="lemma pubescence;lemma pubescence;lemma architecture;lemma shape;lemma shape;lemma architecture or shape;awn position or structure subtype">lemmas glabrous or pubescent, 5-veined, acute or bidentate, unawned to conspicuously awned, awns terminal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="palea architecture or shape">paleas about as long as the lemmas, bifid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="lodicule quantity;lodicule fusion;lodicule pubescence;lodicule shape;lodicule architecture or shape">lodicules 2, free, glabrous, ovate, bilobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="anther quantity">anthers 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="ovary shape;ovary pubescence">ovaries broadly ellipsoid, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="style arrangement">styles separate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="caryopse shape;caryopse shape;caryopse shape;caryopse fusion"><b>Caryopses </b>oblong-ellipsoid, subterete, slightly dorsally compressed, sometimes adherent to the paleas: hila 1/5-1/2 as long as the caryopses, oblong to linear.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="hilum quantity;hilum shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 7.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Mont.;Oreg.;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;Wis.;W.Va.;N.H.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;B.C.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Va.;Colo.;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Vt.;Ga.;Okla.;Idaho;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Ohio;Mo.;Mich.;R.I.;Miss. |discussion=<p>Cynosurus is a genus of eight species that grow in open, grassy, often weedy habitats. It is native around the Mediterranean and in western Asia. The affinities of the genus are obscure. Two species are established in the Flora region.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=ennos1985a |text=Ennos, R.A. 1985. The mating system and genetic structure in a perennial grass, Cynosurus cristatus L. Heredity 55:121-126 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=jirasek1964a |text=Jirasek, V. and J. Chrtek. 1964. Zur frage des taxonomischen Wertes der Gattung Cynosurus L. Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 20:23-27 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=lodge1959a |text=Lodge, R.W. 1959. Biological flora of the British Isles: Cynosurus cristatus L. J. Ecol. 47:511-518. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Plants perennial; panicles linear; fertile lemmas unawned or with awns shorter than 3 mm |[[Cynosurus cristatus|Cynosurus cristatus]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Plants annual; panicles ovoid to almost globose; fertile lemmas with awns 5-25 mm long |[[Cynosurus echinatus|Cynosurus echinatus]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Cynosurus |author=Sandy Long; |authority=L. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Mont.;Oreg.;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;Wis.;W.Va.;N.H.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;B.C.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Va.;Colo.;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Vt.;Ga.;Okla.;Idaho;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Ohio;Mo.;Mich.;R.I.;Miss. |reference=ennos1985a;jirasek1964a;lodge1959a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_968.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae |genus=Cynosurus |anther quantity=3 |auricle presence=absent |awn position or structure subtype=terminal;terminal |blade prominence or shape=flat |branch architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |branch architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |branch course=straight |branch fragility=stiff |branch pubescence=almost;glabrous |branch relief=scabridulous |callus height or length or size=short |callus pubescence=glabrous |callus shape=blunt |caryopse fusion=adherent |caryopse shape=compressed;subterete;oblong-ellipsoid |cauline leaf quantity=1;3 |culm orientation=erect |culm some measurement=1.5cm;90cm |floret quantity=1;5 |floret size=reduced;narrow |glume architecture=1-veined |glume architecture or shape=awned |glume arrangement or course or shape=linear |glume height or length or size=shorter |glume quantity=2 |glume shape=acute;lanceolate |glume size=subequal |glume size or width=narrow |glume width=thin |hair some measurement=0mm;0.1mm |hilum quantity=1/5;1/2 |hilum shape=oblong;linear |inflorescence architecture=condensed |inflorescence architecture or orientation or position=unilateral |inflorescence shape=globose;linear to almost;spikelike |lemma architecture=5-veined |lemma architecture or shape=awned;awned |lemma pubescence=pubescent;glabrous |lemma shape=bidentate;acute;linear-lanceolate |ligule architecture or relief=erose |ligule architecture or shape=entire;truncate |ligule pubescence=ciliolate |lodicule architecture or shape=bilobed |lodicule fusion=free |lodicule pubescence=glabrous |lodicule quantity=2 |lodicule shape=ovate |ovary pubescence=glabrous |ovary shape=ellipsoid |palea architecture or shape=bifid |pedicel architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |pedicel course=straight |pedicel fragility=stiff |pedicel pubescence=glabrous |pedicel relief=scabridulous |proximal spikelet reproduction=sterile |rachilla length=prolonged |rachilla pubescence=glabrous |sheath architecture=open |spikelet architecture=subsessile;shortly pedicellate |spikelet arrangement=paired |spikelet duration=persistent |spikelet growth form=dimorphic |spikelet position=adaxial;concealing |spikelet reproduction=sterile;fertile;sterile;fertile |spikelet shape=compressed |style arrangement=separate |whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous |whole_organism duration=perennial;annual |whole_organism growth form=plant |x chromosome quantity=7 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Cynosurus.