View source for Cyperus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cyperus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 44. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 26. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Umbrella-sedge;flatsedge
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Cyperus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cyperus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek kupeiros, name for Eurasian Cyperus longus Linnaeus
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 7, 154, 162, 163, 164, 168, 170, 184
|treatment_page=page 141
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial or less often annual, cespitose or not, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, rarely tuberous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="culm architecture or arrangement or growth form;culm architecture or arrangement or growth form;culm shape;culm shape;culm pubescence;culm relief;prickle orientation;prickle orientation"><b>Culms </b>solitary or not, trigonous or round, glabrous or scabridulous with extrorse or antrorse (rarely retrorse) prickles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>usually basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="ligule presence">ligules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade prominence or shape;blade shape">blades keeled abaxially, flat, V, or inversely W-shaped in cross-section.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture;spikelet architecture;spikelet arrangement;spikelet architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, rarely pseudolateral, 1st order subumbellate to capitate, 2d order with spicate or digitately arranged spikelets, rarely a solitary spikelet;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="">spikelets 1–150;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="spikelet quantity;ray length;ray arrangement">1st order rays unequal (rarely equal) in length, produced singly from the axils of inflorescence bracts;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="involucral-bract quantity;involucral-bract arrangement;involucral-bract orientation;involucral-bract architecture or shape">involucral-bracts 1–22, spirally arranged at culm apex, spreading to erect, leaflike.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="scale quantity;scale arrangement;scale shape"><b>Spikelets:</b> scales to 76, distichous, each subtending flower, cylindric to compressed, borne spicately or digitately at ends of rays (occasionally proliferous).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower reproduction;floral scale arrangement;base shape;wing coloration"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual [rarely unisexual], in axils of distichous floral scales, bases often decurrent onto rachilla as ± hyaline wings;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="perianth presence">perianth absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 1–3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="style arrangement or course or shape;style shape;base duration;base duration">styles linear, 2–3-fid, base deciduous or persistent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stigma quantity">stigmas 2–3.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="achene shape;achene shape;achene shape;achene shape;achene shape"><b>Achenes </b>biconvex, flattened, or trigonous.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Pantemperate and tropical
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 600 (96 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stigmas 2 (3 in C. serotinus); achenes biconvex.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stigmas 3; achenes trigonous, plano-convex, or terete.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Achenes laterally flattened, borne with edge toward rachilla.
|[[Cyperus subg. Pycreus|Cyperus subg. Pycreus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Achenes dorsiventrally flattened, borne with face toward rachilla.
|[[Cyperus subg. Juncellus|Cyperus subg. Juncellus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Spikelets borne in digitate clusters (rarely singly) or in umbellate or glomerulate heads.
|[[Cyperus subg. Pycnostachys|Cyperus subg. Pycnostachys]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Spikelets borne in spikes on conspicuous rachis.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Rachilla continuous or articulate only at base.
|[[Cyperus subg. Cyperus|Cyperus subg. Cyperus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Rachilla articulate at base of each scale, mature spikelet disarticulating into segments consisting of scale, internode, and rachilla wings.
|[[Cyperus subg. Diclidium|Cyperus subg. Diclidium]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cyperus
|author=Gordon C. Tucker*;Brian G. Marcks*;J. Richard Carter *
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cyperaceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Pantemperate and tropical
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V23/V23_225.xml
|genus=Cyperus
|achene shape=trigonous;flattened;trigonous;flattened;biconvex
|base duration=persistent;deciduous
|base shape=decurrent
|blade prominence or shape=flat
|blade shape=w--shaped;keeled
|culm architecture or arrangement or growth form=not;solitary
|culm pubescence=glabrous
|culm relief=scabridulous
|culm shape=round;trigonous
|floral scale arrangement=distichous
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|inflorescence architecture=subumbellate;capitate
|inflorescence position=pseudolateral
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|involucral-bract architecture or shape=leaflike
|involucral-bract arrangement=arranged
|involucral-bract orientation=spreading;erect
|involucral-bract quantity=1;22
|leaf position=basal
|ligule presence=absent
|perianth presence=absent
|prickle orientation=antrorse;extrorse
|ray arrangement=singly
|ray length=unequal
|scale arrangement=distichous
|scale quantity=0;76
|scale shape=cylindric;compressed
|spikelet architecture=spicate
|spikelet architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|spikelet arrangement=arranged
|spikelet quantity=1;150
|stamen quantity=1;3
|stigma quantity=2;3
|style arrangement or course or shape=linear
|style shape=2-3-fid
|whole_organism architecture=tuberous;stoloniferous;rhizomatous
|whole_organism duration=annual;perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb;not;cespitose
|wing coloration=hyaline
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cyperaceae]]