View source for Cystopteris bulbifera

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cystopteris bulbifera
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Bernhardi
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Neues J. Bot.
|place=1(2): 10. 1805
|year=1805
}}
|common_names=Bulblet bladder fern;cystoptère bulbifère
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Polypodium bulbiferum
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=2: 1091. 1753
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Dryopteridaceae;Cystopteris;Cystopteris bulbifera
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Dryopteridaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cystopteris]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Cystopteris bulbifera]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem growth form or orientation;stem shape;internode height or length or size;internode some measurement;petiole base life cycle;hair presence"><b>Stems </b>creeping, not cordlike, internodes very short, less than 0.5 cm, heavily beset with old petiole bases, hairs absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="scale coloration;scale architecture;scale shape;wall arrangement;wall coloration;lumina coloration">scales uniformly brown to somewhat clathrate, lanceolate, radial walls brown, luminae clear.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf architecture;leaf arrangement or growth form;leaf some measurement"><b>Leaves </b>monomorphic, clustered at stem apex, to 75 cm, seasonally bearing sori (earliest leaves lack sori, subsequent leaves with sori).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole coloration;petiole coloration;petiole coloration;petiole height or length or size;specimen life cycle;base architecture or pubescence"><b>Petiole </b>reddish when young, usually green or straw-colored throughout (occasionally darker) in mature specimens, shorter than blade, base sparsely scaly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade width;apex shape"><b>Blade </b>broadly to narrowly deltate, 2-pinnate to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, almost always widest at base, apex long-attenuate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="hair architecture;hair architecture;bulblet architecture;bulblet architecture">rachis and costae usually densely covered by unicellular, gland-tipped hairs, often with bulblets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="hair architecture;hair architecture">axils of pinnae occasionally with multicellular, gland-tipped hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="pinna orientation;pinna course;margin architecture or shape"><b>Pinnae </b>mostly perpendicular to rachis, not curving toward blade apex, margins serrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="proximal pinna shape;proximal pinna architecture or shape;pinnule orientation;pinnule size;pinnule orientation;pinnule architecture;base shape">proximal pinnae pinnate-pinnatifid to pinnatifid, ± equilateral, basiscopic pinnules not enlarged, basal basiscopic pinnules sessile to short-stalked, bases truncate to obtuse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="distal pinna shape">distal pinnae ovate to oblong.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="vein orientation"><b>Veins </b>directed into notches.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="indusium shape;apex architecture or shape;hair architecture;hair architecture"><b>Indusia </b>cupshaped, apex truncate, typically invested with unicellular, gland-tipped hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="spore architecture or shape;spore some measurement;2n chromosome quantity"><b>Spores </b>spiny, usually 33–38 µm. <b>2n</b> = 84.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Sporulating summer–fall.
|habitat=Cracks and ledges on cliffs, rarely terrestrial, usually on calcareous substrates
|elevation=0–2500 m
|distribution=N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>Cystopteris bulbifera usually occurs on moist calcareous cliffs, but it also grows on rock in dense woods and occasionally occurs terrestrially in northern swamps. Blades on most individuals are narrowly deltate and distinctively long-attenuate. The rachises, costae, and indusia are densely beset with gland-tipped, unicellular hairs. Mature specimens often have deciduous bulblets. These characteristics readily distinguish C. bulbifera from other diploid species.</p><!--
--><p>Hybridization and allopolyploidy involving Cystopteris bulbifera and other North American Cystopteris species have generated several species. In the eastern portion of its range, C. bulbifera and C. protrusa are the diploid progenitors of the tetraploid C. tennesseensis (C. H. Haufler et al. 1990). In northeastern North America, C. bulbifera has hybridized with tetraploid C. fragilis, ultimately resulting in the hexaploid C. laurentiana (R. F. Blasdell 1963). In the southwest, the diploid C. reevesiana and disjunct representatives of C. bulbifera are the progenitors of the tetraploid C. utahensis (C. H. Haufler and M. D. Windham 1991). In addition to these fertile allopolyploids, sterile hybrids are also possible when C. bulbifera is sympatric with its polyploid derivatives. Sterile hybrids between C. bulbifera and C. tennesseensis have been identified from several localities. Cystopteris bulbifera may hybridize with C. tenuis to form C. × illinoensis (C. H. Haufler et al. 1990; R. C. Moran 1982b). Diploid sexual C. bulbifera may be distinguished from these allopolyploid species and sterile hybrids because the hybrid-derived taxa (1) will normally have less prominent glandular hairs, (2) will have misshapen bulblets, (3) will more likely have blades that are widest above the base, and (4) will have large spores (in sexual allopolyploids) or malformed spores (in sterile hybrids).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cystopteris bulbifera
|authority=(Linnaeus) Bernhardi
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Polypodium bulbiferum
|family=Dryopteridaceae
|phenology=Sporulating summer–fall.
|habitat=Cracks and ledges on cliffs, rarely terrestrial, usually on calcareous substrates
|elevation=0–2500 m
|distribution=N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Neues J. Bot.
|publication year=1805
|special status=Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V2/V2_303.xml
|genus=Cystopteris
|species=Cystopteris bulbifera
|2n chromosome quantity=84
|apex architecture or shape=truncate
|apex shape=long-attenuate
|base architecture or pubescence=scaly
|base shape=truncate;obtuse
|blade shape=2-pinnate;2-pinnate-pinnatifid
|blade width=widest
|bulblet architecture=gland-tipped;unicellular
|distal pinna shape=ovate;oblong
|hair architecture=gland-tipped;unicellular;gland-tipped;multicellular;gland-tipped;unicellular
|hair presence=absent
|indusium shape=cup-shaped
|internode height or length or size=short
|internode some measurement=0cm;0.5cm
|leaf architecture=monomorphic
|leaf arrangement or growth form=clustered
|leaf some measurement=0cm;75cm
|lumina coloration=clear
|margin architecture or shape=serrate
|petiole base life cycle=old
|petiole coloration=straw-colored;green;reddish
|petiole height or length or size=shorter
|pinna course=not curving
|pinna orientation=perpendicular
|pinnule architecture=sessile;short-stalked
|pinnule orientation=basiscopic;basiscopic
|pinnule size=not enlarged
|proximal pinna architecture or shape=equilateral
|proximal pinna shape=pinnate-pinnatifid;pinnatifid
|scale architecture=clathrate
|scale coloration=brown
|scale shape=lanceolate
|specimen life cycle=mature
|spore architecture or shape=spiny
|spore some measurement=33um;38um
|stem growth form or orientation=creeping
|stem shape=not cordlike
|vein orientation=directed
|wall arrangement=radial
|wall coloration=brown
}}<!--

-->

[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Cystopteris]]
[[Category:Revised Since Print]]