View source for Danthonia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Danthonia
|accepted_authority=DC.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Danthonioideae;Poaceae tribe Danthonieae;Danthonia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Danthonioideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Danthonieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Danthonia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 301
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">cespitose, sometimes shortly rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm some measurement;culm orientation"><b>Culms </b>7-130 cm, erect.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="sheath architecture"><b>Sheaths </b>open to the base, with tufts of hairs at the auricle position, sometimes with a line of hairs around the collar;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="">ligules of hairs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape">blades rolled in the bud, flat or involute when dry.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="raceme some measurement;spikelet architecture or arrangement or growth form;spikelet some measurement">panicles, racemes, or a solitary spikelet, to 12 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="rachis pubescence;rachis pubescence;branch pubescence;branch pubescence;pedicel pubescence;pedicel pubescence">rachises, branches, and pedicels scabrous or hirsute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="spikelet shape;spikelet shape;floret quantity"><b>Spikelets </b>terete or laterally compressed, with 3-12 florets, terminal floret reduced;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="terminal floret size">disarticulation beneath the florets, also at the cauline nodes in some species.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="glume size;lower glume length or size;lower glume shape;lower glume pubescence or texture;lower glume architecture;keel pubescence;keel pubescence"><b>Glumes </b>subequal or the lower glumes a little longer than the upper glumes, usually exceeding the florets (excluding the awns and lemma teeth), lanceolate, chartaceous, 1-7-veined, keels glabrous or sparsely scabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="rachilla pubescence">rachillas glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="callus pubescence">calluses densely strigose on the sides;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="lemma body architecture;back pubescence;back pubescence;margin pubescence;apex shape;apex shape;lobe quantity;lobe shape">lemma bodies obscurely (5) 7-11-veined, backs glabrous or pilose, margins usually densely pilose proximally, apices with 2 acute to aristate lobes, mucronate or awned between the lobes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="awn shape;awn architecture">awns, when present, geniculate and twisted below the geniculation;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="palea architecture;vein pubescence or relief;apex shape;apex architecture or shape">paleas about as long as the lemma bodies, 2-veined, veins scabrous, apices obtuse, sometimes bifid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="lodicule quantity;lodicule pubescence;lodicule pubescence;hair quantity">lodicules 2, glabrous or with a few hairs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="anther quantity;floret size;floret size">anthers 3, their size depending on whether the florets chasmogamous or cleistogamous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="ovary pubescence">ovaries glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="caryopsis some measurement;caryopsis shape;caryopsis shape;caryopsis coloration"><b>Caryopses </b>1.5-5.5 mm, ovate to obovate, dorsally flattened, brown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="hilum arrangement or course or shape;hilum quantity">hila linear, 1/3 – 3/4 as long as the caryopses.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="cleistogene presence;cleistogene architecture;floret atypical quantity;floret quantity"><b>Cleistogenes </b>usually present in the lower sheaths, with 1 (-10) florets, not disarticulating;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="rachilla segment length or size;floret arrangement">rachilla segments about as long as or longer than the adjacent florets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="lemma texture;lemma pubescence;lemma pubescence;lemma architecture or shape">lemmas coriaceous, glabrous or scabrous near the apex, entire, unawned;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="palea length or size">paleas sometimes slightly longer than the lemmas;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="anther quantity;anther size">anthers 3, minute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s28" data-properties="ovary pubescence">ovaries glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s29" data-properties="x chromosome quantity">caryopses more linear than in the aerial florets, x = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;W.Va.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Wyo.;Ga.;Miss.;Oreg.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;N.C.;Nebr.;Tenn.;S.C.;Pa.;Calif.;Nev.;Va.;Colo.;Kans.;N.Dak.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Alaska;Ala.;Ark.;Ariz.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Idaho;Md.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Mich.;Mont.;Ky.
|discussion=<p>Danthonia is interpreted here as a genus of about 20 species that are native in Europe, North Africa, and the Americas. Of the eight species found in the Flora region, seven are native and one is an introduction that is now established.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=darbyshire1989a
|text=Darbyshire, S.J. and J. Cayouette. 1989. The biology of Canadian weeds. 92. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. in Roem. & Schult. Canad. J. PI. Sci. 69:1217-1233
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dobrenz1966a
|text=Dobrenz, A.K. and A.A. Beetle. 1966. Cleistogenes in Danthonia. J. Range Managem. 19:292-296
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dore1971a
|text=Dore, W.G. 1971. Sieglingia decumbens (L.) Bernh.-Pulvini of palea. Watsonia 8:297-299
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dore1980b
|text=Dore, W.G. and J. McNeill. 1980. Grasses of Ontario. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph No. 26. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Hull, Quebec, Canada. 566 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=linder1996a
|text=Linder, H.P. and G.A. Verboom. 1996. Generic limits in the Rytidosperma (Danthonieae, Poaceae) complex. Telopea 6:597-627
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=p1996a
|text=Baeza P., CM. 1996. Los generos Danthonia DC. y Rytidosperma Steud. (Poaceae) en America-Una revision. Sendtnera 3:11-93
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=quinn1971a
|text=Quinn, J.A. and D.E. Fairbrothers. 1971. Habitat ecology and chromosome numbers of natural populations of the Danthonia sericea complex. Amer. Midi. Naturalist 85:531-536
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=tzvelev1976a
|text=Tzvelev, N.N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. Nauka, Leningrad [St. Petersburg], Russia. 788 pp. [In Russian].
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lemmas mucronate, not awned
|[[Danthonia decumbens|Danthonia decumbens]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lemmas not mucronate, with a twisted, geniculate awn.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Calluses of the middle florets from shorter to slightly longer than wide, convex abaxially; lemma bodies 2.5-6 mm long, the backs usually pilose, occasionally glabrous or sparsely pilose.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Awns 10-17 mm; hairs of the lemma margins evidently increasing in length distally, longest hairs 2.5-4 mm long
|[[Danthonia sericea|Danthonia sericea]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Awns 5-10 mm; hairs of the lemma margins not evidently increasing in length distally, longest hairs 0.5-2 mm long.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Lemma lobes 2-4 mm long, usually 2/3 or more as long as the lemma bodies, aristate; lower inflorescence branches usually flexible, divergent after anthesis; pedicels on the lowest inflorescence branch as long as or longer than the spikelets; leaves not curling at maturity
|[[Danthonia compressa|Danthonia compressa]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Lemma lobes 0.5-2 mm long, less than 2/3 as long as the lemma bodies, acute to aristate; inflorescence branches stiff, appressed to strongly ascending after anthesis; pedicels on the lowest inflorescence branch from shorter than to equaling the spikelets; blades usually becoming curled at maturity
|[[Danthonia spicata|Danthonia spicata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Calluses of the middle florets longer than wide, concave abaxially; lemma bodies 3-11 mm long, the backs usually glabrous or sparsely pilose (pilose in D. parryi).
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Lower inflorescence branches (pedicels if the inflorescence racemose) stiff, erect; pedicels from shorter than to as long as the spikelets.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Spikelets 1(-3), if 2-3, the inflorescence a raceme; lemma bodies 5.5-11 mm; mature culms disarticulating at the nodes
|[[Danthonia unispicata|Danthonia unispicata]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Spikelets (4)5-10; lower inflorescence branches usually with 2-3 spikelets; lemma bodies 3-6 mm; mature culms not disarticulating at the nodes
|[[Danthonia intermedia|Danthonia intermedia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Lower inflorescence branches (pedicels if the inflorescence racemose) flexible, slightly to strongly divergent; pedicels usually as long as or longer than the spikelets (sometimes shorter in D. parryi).
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Uppermost cauline blades usually strongly divergent or reflexed; inflorescences usually racemose; pedicels usually much longer than the spikelets and usually strongly divergent; lemmas glabrous or sparsely hairy over the back; mature culms disarticulating at the nodes
|[[Danthonia californica|Danthonia californica]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Uppermost cauline blades usually erect to ascending; inflorescences usually paniculate; pedicels shorter than to as long as the spikelets; lemmas pilose over the back, at least basally; mature culms not disarticulating at the nodes
|[[Danthonia parryi|Danthonia parryi]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Danthonia
|author=Stephen J. Darbyshire;
|authority=DC.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;W.Va.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Wyo.;Ga.;Miss.;Oreg.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;N.C.;Nebr.;Tenn.;S.C.;Pa.;Calif.;Nev.;Va.;Colo.;Kans.;N.Dak.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Alaska;Ala.;Ark.;Ariz.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Idaho;Md.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Mich.;Mont.;Ky.
|reference=darbyshire1989a;dobrenz1966a;dore1971a;dore1980b;linder1996a;p1996a;quinn1971a;tzvelev1976a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V25/V25_960.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Danthonioideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Danthonieae
|genus=Danthonia
|anther quantity=3;3
|anther size=minute
|apex architecture or shape=bifid
|apex shape=obtuse;awned;mucronate
|auricle presence=absent
|awn architecture=twisted
|awn shape=geniculate
|back pubescence=pilose;glabrous
|blade shape=involute;flat;rolled
|branch pubescence=hirsute;scabrous
|callus pubescence=strigose
|caryopsis coloration=brown
|caryopsis shape=flattened;ovate;obovate
|caryopsis some measurement=1.5mm;5.5mm
|cleistogene architecture=not disarticulating
|cleistogene presence=absent
|culm orientation=erect
|culm some measurement=7cm;130cm
|floret arrangement=adjacent
|floret atypical quantity=1;10
|floret quantity=1;3;12
|floret size=cleistogamous;chasmogamous
|glume size=subequal
|hair quantity=few
|hilum arrangement or course or shape=linear
|hilum quantity=1/3;3/4
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|keel pubescence=scabrous;glabrous
|lemma architecture or shape=entire
|lemma body architecture=(5)7-11-veined
|lemma pubescence=scabrous;glabrous
|lemma texture=coriaceous
|lobe quantity=2
|lobe shape=acute;aristate
|lodicule pubescence=with a few hairs;glabrous
|lodicule quantity=2
|lower glume architecture=1-7-veined
|lower glume length or size=longer
|lower glume pubescence or texture=chartaceous
|lower glume shape=lanceolate
|margin pubescence=pilose
|ovary pubescence=glabrous;glabrous
|palea architecture=2-veined
|palea length or size=sometimes slightly longer
|pedicel pubescence=hirsute;scabrous
|raceme some measurement=0cm;12cm
|rachilla pubescence=glabrous
|rachilla segment length or size=longer
|rachis pubescence=hirsute;scabrous
|sheath architecture=open
|spikelet architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|spikelet shape=compressed;terete
|spikelet some measurement=0cm;12cm
|terminal floret size=reduced
|vein pubescence or relief=scabrous
|whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose
|x chromosome quantity=12
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Danthonieae]]