View source for Diarrhena ← Diarrhena You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Diarrhena |accepted_authority=P. Beauv. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Diarrheneae;Diarrhena |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Diarrheneae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Diarrhena]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 64 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;rhizom thickness;rhizom architecture or pubescence">rhizomatous, rhizomes 1.5-5 mm thick, scaly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm height;culm thickness;culm size;culm orientation;culm architecture;culm arrangement;culm architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Culms </b>48-131 cm tall, 1-3 mm thick, slender and arching, unbranched, usually clumped, rarely solitary.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement or density"><b>Leaves </b>basally concentrated or proximal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="sheath architecture;sheath length or size;margin coloration;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or pubescence or shape">sheaths open, longer than the internodes, margins narrowly hyaline, entire, sometimes ciliate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="collar pubescence or texture;collar size or width;collar coloration;collar coloration;collar shape">collars cartilaginous, thickened, light green or yellowish, somewhat flared marginally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="auricle presence">auricles sometimes present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="ligule texture;ligule shape;ligule pubescence">ligules stiffly membranous, rounded, ciliolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="blade prominence or shape;blade shape;blade shape;midvein position">blades flat, tapering basally, long-tapering apically, midveins usually eccentric.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inflorescences panicle condition or size;inflorescences panicle position;inflorescences panicle orientation;inflorescences panicle arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>panicles, contracted, exserted, arching, racemose distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="branch quantity;branch quantity;branch orientation;branch orientation">branches 1 or 2 per node, ascending or appressed, terminating in a spikelet.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="floret life cycle;floret atypical quantity;floret atypical quantity;floret quantity;floret size;floret life cycle;floret atypical quantity;floret atypical quantity;floret quantity;floret size;floret quantity;floret prominence"><b>Spikelets </b>cylindrical when young, laterally compressed at maturity, with (2) 3-5 (7) florets, distal floret reduced and sterile, sometimes including an additional rudimentary floret;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="spikelet shape;spikelet shape;spikelet reproduction">disarticulation above the glumes and beneath the florets.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="glume size;glume pubescence or texture;glume shape;glume pubescence;glume shape;glume relief;margin architecture or shape;margin pubescence;apex shape"><b>Glumes </b>unequal, chartaceous, lanceolate, glabrous, keeled, sometimes scabridulous near the keels distally, margins entire or ciliolate, apices acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="lower glume quantity;lower glume height or length or size;lower glume quantity;lower glume architecture;lemma arrangement">lower glumes 1/3 – 2/3 shorter than the upper glumes, less than 1/3 as long as the adjacent lemmas, 1-3 (5) -veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="upper glume architecture">upper glumes (3) 5-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="callus pubescence;callus pubescence;hair quantity;hair some measurement">calluses glabrous or with a few hairs, hairs about 0.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="lemma pubescence or texture;vein quantity;vein prominence;vein arrangement;margin coloration;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or pubescence or shape;apex architecture or shape;cusp some measurement">lemmas mostly chartaceous, veins 3, prominent, convergent, margins hyaline, entire, sometimes ciliate, apices sharply cuspidate, cusps 1-2 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="palea pubescence or texture;palea shape;lemma quantity;lemma height or length or size;lemma quantity;lemma height or length or size;side coloration">paleas from 1/2 as long as to slightly shorter than the lemmas, chartaceous, keeled, sides narrowly hyaline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="lodicule some measurement;lodicule shape;apex pubescence">lodicules about 1.5 mm, lanceolate to elliptic, apices ciliolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="anther quantity;anther coloration">anthers 2, yellow.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="caryopse architecture or shape;style base duration;pericarp architecture or fragility;x chromosome quantity"><b>Caryopses </b>prominently beaked, style bases usually persistent, pericarp loose, at least partially, x = 10.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Ind.;S.Dak.;Wis.;W.Va.;Ont.;Tex.;N.C.;Tenn.;N.Y.;Pa.;Va.;Ark.;Ky.;Mich.;Ohio;Okla.;Ala.;Ill.;Ga.;Iowa;Md.;Kans.;Nebr.;Mo.;Minn. |discussion=<p>Diarrhena is an odd and distinctive genus whose relationships are not clear. Two of its approximately six species grow in the woodlands of eastern North America; the remainder, which are sometimes placed in the segregate genus Neomolinia Honda, occupy similar habitats in eastern Asia. The Asian species have x = 19. The above description pertains to the North American species.</p><!-- --><p>Although Diarrhena americana and D. obovata grow in similar habitats and overlap in their ranges, no intermediates have been found. Earlier reports of intermediate specimens are based on the use of less reliable characters for distinguishing between the two species.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=brandenburg1991d |text=Brandenburg, D.M., J.R. Estes, and S.L. Collins. 1991. A revision of Diarrhena (Poaceae) in the United States. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 118:128-136 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=koyama1964c |text=Koyama, T. and S. Kawano. 1964. Critical taxa of grasses with North American and eastern Asiatic distribution. Canad. J. Bot. 42:859-864 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=tateoka1960a |text=Tateoka, T. 1960. Cytology in grass systematics: A critical review. Nucleus (Calcutta) 3:81-110. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Calluses pubescent on all but the lowest mature lemma; lemma of the lowest floret in each spikelet (6)7.1-10.8 mm long, widest below the middle, tapering gradually to the apex; mature fruits 1.3-1.8 mm wide, gradually tapering to a blunt beak |[[Diarrhena americana|Diarrhena americana]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Calluses glabrous on all mature lemmas; lemma of the lowest floret in each spikelet 4.6-7.5 mm long, widest near or above the middle, abruptly contracted to the apex; mature fruits 1.8-2.5 mm wide, abruptly contracted to a bottlenose-shaped beak |[[Diarrhena obovata|Diarrhena obovata]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Diarrhena |author=David M. Brandenburg; |authority=P. Beauv. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Ind.;S.Dak.;Wis.;W.Va.;Ont.;Tex.;N.C.;Tenn.;N.Y.;Pa.;Va.;Ark.;Ky.;Mich.;Ohio;Okla.;Ala.;Ill.;Ga.;Iowa;Md.;Kans.;Nebr.;Mo.;Minn. |reference=brandenburg1991d;koyama1964c;tateoka1960a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24_72.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Diarrheneae |genus=Diarrhena |anther coloration=yellow |anther quantity=2 |apex architecture or shape=cuspidate |apex pubescence=ciliolate |apex shape=acute |auricle presence=absent |blade prominence or shape=flat |blade shape=long-tapering;tapering |branch orientation=appressed;ascending |branch quantity=2;1 |callus pubescence=with a few hairs;glabrous |caryopse architecture or shape=beaked |collar coloration=yellowish;light green |collar pubescence or texture=cartilaginous |collar shape=flared |collar size or width=thickened |culm architecture=unbranched |culm architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |culm arrangement=clumped |culm height=48cm;131cm |culm orientation=arching |culm size=slender |culm thickness=1mm;3mm |cusp some measurement=1mm;2mm |floret atypical quantity=7;2;7;2 |floret life cycle=maturity;maturity |floret prominence=rudimentary |floret quantity=additional;3;5 |floret size=reduced;reduced |glume pubescence=glabrous |glume pubescence or texture=chartaceous |glume relief=scabridulous |glume shape=keeled;lanceolate |glume size=unequal |hair quantity=few |hair some measurement=0.5 |inflorescences panicle arrangement=racemose |inflorescences panicle condition or size=contracted |inflorescences panicle orientation=arching |inflorescences panicle position=exserted |leaf arrangement or density=concentrated |lemma arrangement=adjacent |lemma height or length or size=shorter;shorter |lemma pubescence or texture=chartaceous |lemma quantity=1/2;1/2 |ligule pubescence=ciliolate |ligule shape=rounded |ligule texture=membranous |lodicule shape=lanceolate;elliptic |lodicule some measurement=1.5 |lower glume architecture=1-3(5)-veined |lower glume height or length or size=shorter |lower glume quantity=0;1/3 |margin architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate;ciliate |margin architecture or shape=entire;entire;entire |margin coloration=hyaline;hyaline |margin pubescence=ciliolate |midvein position=eccentric |palea pubescence or texture=chartaceous |palea shape=keeled |pericarp architecture or fragility=loose |rhizom architecture or pubescence=scaly |rhizom thickness=1.5mm;5mm |sheath architecture=open |sheath length or size=longer |side coloration=hyaline |spikelet reproduction=sterile |spikelet shape=compressed;cylindrical |style base duration=persistent |upper glume architecture=(3)5-veined |vein arrangement=convergent |vein prominence=prominent |vein quantity=3 |whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous |whole_organism duration=perennial |whole_organism growth form=plant |x chromosome quantity=10 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Diarrheneae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Diarrhena.