View source for Dicranum brevifolium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Dicranum brevifolium
|accepted_authority=(Lindberg) Lindberg
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Musc. Scand.,
|place=24. 1879,
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Dicranum muehlenbeckii var. brevifolium
|authority=Lindberg
|rank=variety
|publication_title=Bot. Not.
|publication_place=1865: 80. 1865
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Dicranaceae;Dicranum;Dicranum brevifolium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Dicranaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Dicranum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Dicranum brevifolium]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 400, 401, 411
|treatment_page=page 410
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism coloration;whole_organism reflectance;whole_organism growth form;tuft density"><b>Plants </b>in dense tufts, light to dark green, dark-brown or sometimes nearly black, dull.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem some measurement;stem pubescence;rhizoid coloration"><b>Stems </b>2–8 cm, densely tomentose with brown to orange rhizoids nearly to stem apex.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf orientation;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;angle width;undulation quantity;distal leaf atypical length;distal leaf atypical length;distal leaf length;distal leaf width"><b>Leaves </b>falcate-secund to erect-spreading, often at wide angles from stems, strongly crisped when dry, often with a few undulations in the distal half, (3–) 5.5–6.5 (–8.5) × 0.4–0.8 mm, concave below, keeled above, lanceolate, acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin orientation">margins entire below, serrulate above, incurved in the middle of the leaf;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="lamina architecture;lamina architecture;region architecture;lamina architecture or shape;lamina architecture;margin architecture">laminae 1-stratose or with 2-stratose regions in distal half of leaf, especially on margins, sometimes with entire laminae 2-stratose, rarely margins 3-stratose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="costa architecture;costa architecture;costa quantity;costa width;costa shape;costa architecture or pubescence or relief;costa pubescence or relief;abaxial ridge presence;abaxial ridge shape;abaxial ridge development;abaxial ridge width;row quantity;adaxial epidermal layer variability;abaxial layer variability">costa percurrent or shortly excurrent, 1/6–1/4 the width of the leaves at base, very prominent and rounded on abaxial surface, smooth or slightly rough above on abaxial surface, abaxial ridges absent, shaped like a pair of tongs, with one row of guide cells, 2 well-developed and thick stereid bands extending to the apex, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, the abaxial layer differentiated;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="between cells cell-wall pubescence or shape">cell-walls between lamina cells strongly bulging;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="">leaf cells smooth to papillose above on abaxial surface;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="leaf cell relief;cell architecture;cell variability">alar cells 2-stratose, differentiated, sometimes extending to costa;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="proximal laminal cell shape;proximal laminal cell relief;proximal laminal cell relief;proximal laminal cell atypical length;proximal laminal cell atypical length;proximal laminal cell length;proximal laminal cell atypical width;proximal laminal cell atypical width;proximal laminal cell width">proximal laminal cells elongate-rectangular, pitted or not pitted, (15–) 31–46 (–75) × (5–) 7–9 (–12) µm; distal laminal cells short, irregularly quadrate-rectangular, not pitted, (5–) 7–14 (–37) × (4–) 8–9 (–13) µm. <b>Sexual</b> condition pseudomonoicous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="distal laminal cell height or length or size;distal laminal cell shape;distal laminal cell relief;distal laminal cell atypical length;distal laminal cell atypical length;distal laminal cell length;distal laminal cell atypical width;distal laminal cell atypical width;distal laminal cell width;distal laminal cell reproduction;distal laminal cell reproduction;distal laminal cell height;stem rhizoid reproduction;plant reproduction">dwarf males on stem rhizoids of female plants;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="interior perichaetial leaf shape;interior perichaetial leaf architecture or shape">interior perichaetial leaves abruptly short-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="seta some measurement;seta architecture or arrangement or growth form;seta coloration"><b>Seta </b>1.3–3.5 cm, solitary, yellowish to brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="capsule some measurement;capsule shape;capsule course or shape;capsule orientation;capsule shape;capsule coloration or pubescence or relief;capsule architecture;capsule coloration"><b>Capsule </b>2–4 mm, long-cylindric, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, not or slightly strumose, striate to furrowed when dry, yellowish-brown to dark-brown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="operculum some measurement">operculum 1–2.5 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="spore some measurement"><b>Spores </b>14–30 µm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Capsules mature summer.
|habitat=Humus or soil over rock, rarely rotted wood, exposed to protected bluffs or cliffs, 70-3700 m
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;Nunavut;Ont.;Que.;Yukon;Alaska;Colo.;Mich.;Mont.;N.Mex.;S.Dak.;Europe;Asia
|discussion=<p>The distinctive leaves of Dicranum brevifolium are 4–8 mm, acute, often weakly undulate in the distal part, crisped when dry, standing out from the stems often at wide angles, concave proximally, and keeled distally, the laminae are often 2-stratose above, especially on margins and near costa, sometimes entirely 2-stratose with 3-stratose margins (sometimes apparent on plants at relatively high altitudes in the mountains in Alberta), and the costa is excurrent, very prominent and conspicuously rounded, especially noticeable below the leaf middle. The leaves in cross section are very distinctive, being shaped like a pair of tongs; abaxial epidermal layer of costal cells is differentiated but no adaxial epidermal layer cells are enlarged, and the cell walls between the lamina cells are almost always strongly bulging. Dicranum brevifolium has commonly been confused with three other species, D. muehlenbeckii, D. acutifolium, and D. fuscescens. Dicranum muehlenbeckii has only 1-stratose leaf laminae and the costae are much less prominent on the abaxial leaf surface than those of D. brevifolium. A cross section of the distal half of the leaves of D. muehlenbeckii shows a tubular outline with the cell walls between the lamina cells smooth and adaxial epidermal layer of costal cells differentiated, while the leaves of D. brevifolium are tong-shaped in outline with the cell walls between lamina cells strongly bulging and the adaxial epidermal layer of costal cells undifferentiated. Dicranum acutifolium differs from D. brevifolium by its erect-spreading to slightly curled leaves when dry, instead of crisped leaves standing out from the stems at wide angles, its costae that are usually moderately distinct and sometimes nearly flat on the abaxial surface, instead of being prominent and conspicuously rounded, its V-shaped leaves in cross section, instead of tong-shaped leaves, and its shorter capsules, 2–2.7 mm, compared to 2–4 mm. Dicranum fuscescens differs from D. brevifolium by its much less prominent costae on the abaxial leaf surface, by its V-shaped leaves in cross section, instead of tong-shaped leaves, and by its weakly bulging cell walls as seen in cross section.</p><!--
--><p>The 2- or occasionally 3-stratose leaf laminae are unusual in the genus Dicranum. The only other species in North America with laminae often completely 2-stratose in the distal half is D. fulvum. No 3-stratose leaf laminae have been seen in that species, however. A recently described species in section Dicranum (where D. scoparium belongs) D. crassifolium C. Sérgio, R. Ochyra & A. Séneca, from Portugal, Spain, and Italy, has 2–3-stratose leaves. It is very unusual for a species in the type section to have anything but 1-stratose leaves.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Dicranum brevifolium
|authority=(Lindberg) Lindberg
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Dicranum muehlenbeckii var. brevifolium
|family=Dicranaceae
|phenology=Capsules mature summer.
|habitat=Humus or soil over rock, rarely rotted wood, exposed to protected bluffs or cliffs, 70-3700 m
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;Nunavut;Ont.;Que.;Yukon;Alaska;Colo.;Mich.;Mont.;N.Mex.;S.Dak.;Europe;Asia
|reference=None
|publication title=Musc. Scand.,
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V27/V27_581.xml
|genus=Dicranum
|species=Dicranum brevifolium
|abaxial layer variability=differentiated
|abaxial ridge development=well-developed
|abaxial ridge presence=absent
|abaxial ridge shape=,--shaped
|abaxial ridge width=thick
|adaxial epidermal layer variability=not differentiated
|angle width=wide
|between cells cell-wall pubescence or shape=bulging
|capsule architecture=furrowed
|capsule coloration=yellowish-brown;dark-brown
|capsule coloration or pubescence or relief=striate
|capsule course or shape=arcuate
|capsule orientation=inclined;horizontal
|capsule shape=strumose;long-cylindric
|capsule some measurement=2mm;4mm
|cell architecture=2-stratose
|cell variability=differentiated
|costa architecture=excurrent;percurrent
|costa architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|costa pubescence or relief=rough
|costa quantity=1/6;1/4
|costa shape=rounded
|costa width=prominent
|distal laminal cell atypical length=14um;37um
|distal laminal cell atypical width=9um;13um
|distal laminal cell height=dwarf
|distal laminal cell height or length or size=short
|distal laminal cell length=7um;14um
|distal laminal cell relief=not pitted
|distal laminal cell reproduction=pseudomonoicous;sexual
|distal laminal cell shape=quadrate-rectangular
|distal laminal cell width=8um;9um
|distal leaf atypical length=6.5mm;8.5mm
|distal leaf length=5.5mm;6.5mm
|distal leaf width=0.4mm;0.8mm
|interior perichaetial leaf architecture or shape=convolute-sheathing
|interior perichaetial leaf shape=short-acuminate
|lamina architecture=2-stratose;with 2-stratose regions;1-stratose
|lamina architecture or shape=entire
|leaf arrangement=falcate-secund
|leaf cell relief=smooth;papillose
|leaf orientation=erect-spreading
|leaf shape=acute;lanceolate;keeled;concave;crisped
|margin architecture=3-stratose
|margin architecture or shape=serrulate;entire
|margin orientation=incurved
|operculum some measurement=1mm;2.5mm
|plant reproduction=female
|proximal laminal cell atypical length=46um;75um
|proximal laminal cell atypical width=9um;12um
|proximal laminal cell length=31um;46um
|proximal laminal cell relief=not pitted;pitted
|proximal laminal cell shape=elongate-rectangular
|proximal laminal cell width=7um;9um
|region architecture=2-stratose
|rhizoid coloration=brown;orange
|row quantity=2
|seta architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|seta coloration=yellowish;brown
|seta some measurement=1.3cm;3.5cm
|spore some measurement=14um;30um
|stem pubescence=tomentose
|stem rhizoid reproduction=male
|stem some measurement=2cm;8cm
|tuft density=dense
|undulation quantity=few
|whole_organism coloration=black;dark-brown;light;dark green
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism reflectance=dull
}}<!--

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