View source for Dicranum undulatum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Dicranum undulatum
|accepted_authority=Bridel
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=J. Bot. (Schrader)
|place=1800(2): 294. 1801,
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Dicranum bergeri
|authority=Blandow
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Dicranaceae;Dicranum;Dicranum undulatum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Dicranaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Dicranum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Dicranum undulatum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 401, 407, 408
|treatment_page=page 406
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism coloration;whole_organism reflectance;whole_organism reflectance;whole_organism growth form;tuft density;tuft architecture or arrangement"><b>Plants </b>in dense compact tufts, green to yellowish-brown, shiny, rarely somewhat dull.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem atypical some measurement;stem some measurement;stem pubescence;rhizoid coloration"><b>Stems </b>3–8 (–17) cm, densely tomentose with reddish-brown rhizoids.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf fixation or orientation;leaf shape;leaf course;leaf arrangement or shape;apex architecture;apex shape;apex atypical length;apex atypical length;apex length;apex width;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Leaves </b>erect-appressed or sometimes slightly falcate or flexuose, somewhat contorted when dry, the apex often twisted, weakly to strongly undulate, (4.5–) 5–7.5 (–11) × 0.7–1.2 mm, concave proximally, keeled above, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, broadly acute, rarely narrowly acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="margin shape;margin shape or vernation;margin orientation;margin architecture or shape;margin shape or architecture">margins plane, sometimes involute at base, broadly recurved at apex, entire proximally, serrulate to serrate in the distal half;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="lamina architecture;region quantity;region architecture">laminae 1-stratose, sometimes with a few 2-stratose regions;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="costa fragility;costa architecture;costa quantity;base width;row quantity;band variability;abaxial adaxial epidermal layer variability">costa strong, ending before the apex, sometimes nearly percurrent, 1/6–1/3 the width of the leaves at base, smooth to serrulate above on abaxial surface, with a row of guide cells, two stereid bands extending to apex, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, the abaxial layer diffferentiated;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="between cells cell-wall pubescence or shape">cell-walls between lamina cells weakly to strongly bulging abaxially and adaxially;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="">leaf cells smooth to ± papillose near apex on abaxial surface;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="leaf cell relief;cell architecture;cell variability">alar cells 2-stratose, differentiated, not extending to costa;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="proximal laminal cell shape;proximal laminal cell size;proximal laminal cell relief;proximal laminal cell atypical length;proximal laminal cell atypical length;proximal laminal cell length;proximal laminal cell atypical width;proximal laminal cell atypical width;proximal laminal cell width;median laminal cell shape;median laminal cell relief">proximal laminal cells elongate, incrassate, pitted, (22–) 38–61 (–79) × (2–) 4–6 (–8) µm; median laminal cells rectangular, pitted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="">distal laminal cells short-rectangular to irregularly angled, not pitted, (7–) 11–14 (–28) × (4–) 11–12 (–17) µm. <b>Sexual</b> condition pseudomonoicous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="distal laminal cell shape;distal laminal cell relief;distal laminal cell atypical length;distal laminal cell atypical length;distal laminal cell length;distal laminal cell atypical width;distal laminal cell atypical width;distal laminal cell width;distal laminal cell reproduction;distal laminal cell reproduction;distal laminal cell height;stem rhizoid reproduction;plant reproduction">dwarf males on stem rhizoids of female plants;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="interior perichaetial leaf shape;interior perichaetial leaf architecture or shape">interior perichaetial leaves abruptly acuminate, convolute-sheathing.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="seta some measurement;seta architecture or arrangement or growth form;seta coloration"><b>Seta </b>2–4 cm, solitary, yellow to brown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="capsule some measurement;capsule course or shape;capsule orientation;capsule architecture;capsule condition or size;capsule coloration"><b>Capsule </b>2–2.8 mm, arcuate, inclined, furrowed when dry, ± contracted below mouth, yellow to yellowish-brown or reddish-brown;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="operculum some measurement">operculum 2–3 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="spore some measurement"><b>Spores </b>14–28 µm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Capsules mature spring.
|habitat=Usually in wet habitats, especially bogs in Sphagnum hummocks, fens, swamps, marshes, margins of lakes, sometimes on or among rocks, rock outcrops and cliffs, occasionally in mesic woods or on dry bluffs on soil, rotten wood, or humus
|elevation=10-2200 m
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Nunavut;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Calif.;Conn.;Ind.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;S.Dak.;Vt.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Europe;Asia
|discussion=<p>R. R. Ireland (1971b) recorded Dicranum undulatum from Colorado, but W. Weber (pers. comm.) believes this is a misidentification for D. polysetum. Dicranum undulatum is primarily a boreal species that is distinctive because of the yellowish green or yellowish brown, shiny, erect-appressed, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, undulate, keeled leaves, the leaf margins that are serrulate to serrate, and broadly recurved in the distal half, the leaf apices that are usually broadly acute, rarely narrowly acute, and the costae that are mostly subpercurrent or sometimes percurrent, smooth to serrulate above on abaxial surface. When the leaf apices are narrow, ± acute, and the costa percurrent, as some D. undulatum plants are on rare occasion, the species when sterile can be confused with D. ontariense. Dicranum undulatum has shiny leaves with twisted apices when dry compared to the more dull leaves that are variously contorted in D. ontariense. When sporophytes are present the aggregate setae (2–5 per perichaetium) of D. ontariense will immediately distinguish it from D. undulatum which has solitary setae. This species recently has been introduced on the University of California Berkeley Campus in a lawn-landscaping area; this is the only California locality where it has been found. The plants are sterile but appear morphologically similar to those growing in native habitats in other parts of North America. Dicranum undulatum of G. F. Weber & C. Mohr (1803) is not a synonym of the taxon treated here.</p>
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|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Dicranum undulatum
|authority=Bridel
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Dicranum bergeri
|basionyms=
|family=Dicranaceae
|phenology=Capsules mature spring.
|habitat=Usually in wet habitats, especially bogs in Sphagnum hummocks, fens, swamps, marshes, margins of lakes, sometimes on or among rocks, rock outcrops and cliffs, occasionally in mesic woods or on dry bluffs on soil, rotten wood, or humus
|elevation=10-2200 m
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Nunavut;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Calif.;Conn.;Ind.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;S.Dak.;Vt.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Europe;Asia
|reference=None
|publication title=J. Bot. (Schrader)
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V27/V27_576.xml
|genus=Dicranum
|species=Dicranum undulatum
|abaxial adaxial epidermal layer variability=not differentiated
|apex architecture=twisted
|apex atypical length=7.5mm;11mm
|apex length=5mm;7.5mm
|apex shape=acute;acute;lanceolate;oblong-lanceolate
|apex width=0.7mm;1.2mm
|band variability=diffferentiated
|base width=smooth;serrulate
|between cells cell-wall pubescence or shape=bulging
|capsule architecture=furrowed
|capsule coloration=yellow;yellowish-brown or reddish-brown
|capsule condition or size=contracted
|capsule course or shape=arcuate
|capsule orientation=inclined
|capsule some measurement=2mm;2.8mm
|cell architecture=2-stratose
|cell variability=differentiated
|costa architecture=percurrent
|costa fragility=strong
|costa quantity=1/6;1/3
|distal laminal cell atypical length=14um;28um
|distal laminal cell atypical width=12um;17um
|distal laminal cell height=dwarf
|distal laminal cell length=11um;14um
|distal laminal cell relief=not pitted
|distal laminal cell reproduction=pseudomonoicous;sexual
|distal laminal cell shape=short-rectangular;irregularly angled
|distal laminal cell width=11um;12um
|interior perichaetial leaf architecture or shape=convolute-sheathing
|interior perichaetial leaf shape=acuminate
|lamina architecture=1-stratose
|leaf arrangement or shape=contorted
|leaf cell relief=smooth;more or less papillose
|leaf course=flexuose
|leaf fixation or orientation=erect-appressed
|leaf shape=falcate
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin orientation=recurved
|margin shape=plane
|margin shape or architecture=serrulate to serrate
|margin shape or vernation=involute
|median laminal cell relief=pitted
|median laminal cell shape=rectangular
|operculum some measurement=2mm;3mm
|plant reproduction=female
|proximal laminal cell atypical length=61um;79um
|proximal laminal cell atypical width=6um;8um
|proximal laminal cell length=38um;61um
|proximal laminal cell relief=pitted
|proximal laminal cell shape=elongate
|proximal laminal cell size=incrassate
|proximal laminal cell width=4um;6um
|region architecture=2-stratose
|region quantity=few
|rhizoid coloration=reddish-brown
|row quantity=2
|seta architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|seta coloration=yellow;brown
|seta some measurement=2cm;4cm
|spore some measurement=14um;28um
|stem atypical some measurement=8cm;17cm
|stem pubescence=tomentose
|stem rhizoid reproduction=male
|stem some measurement=3cm;8cm
|tuft architecture or arrangement=compact
|tuft density=dense
|whole_organism coloration=green;yellowish-brown
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism reflectance=dull;shiny
}}<!--

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