View source for Diospyros

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Diospyros
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1057. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 478. 1754 ,
}}
|common_names=Ebony;persimmon
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Brayodendron
|authority=Small
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Ebenaceae;Diospyros
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ebenaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Diospyros]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek Dios, Zeus, and pyros, grain, Theophrastean fruit name of unknown application appropriated by Linnaeus
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 247
|treatment_page=page 248
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism growth form"><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, usually dioecious;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="terminal bud presence">terminal buds absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="wood density;wood texture">wood dense, hard.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf duration"><b>Leaves </b>deciduous or persistent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole architecture or function or pubescence">petiole often glandular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade texture;surface pubescence;surface pubescence">blade lanceolate to broadly ovate, elliptic, or obovate, coriaceous, surfaces glabrous or pubescent, especially abaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="cyme architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>2–15-flowered cymes (staminate) or solitary flowers (pistillate, rarely staminate).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="pedicel size;pedicel height or length or size;pedicel quantity;pedicel length or size;fruit size"><b>Pedicels </b>accrescent in fruit [or not], slender, much shorter to several times longer than flowers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal size"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals persistent, often accrescent in fruit;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="corolla shape;petal arrangement or shape;petal arrangement">corolla urceolate to campanulate or salverform, petals usually convolute and imbricate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower architecture;flower size;flower architecture">staminate flowers usually smaller than pistillate flowers;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;stamen arrangement;series atypical quantity;series atypical quantity;series quantity">stamens [6–] 16 (–32), paired and in [1–] 2 [–5] series;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="anther dehiscence;anther architecture or structure in adjective form">anthers introrse, 2-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary [3–] 8 [–16] -locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 1–2 per locule;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="style fusion;style fusion;style size">styles connate proximally or to near stigmas, slender.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties=""><b>Berries </b>yellow, orange, red, purple, brown, or black, fleshy or fibrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="berry coloration;berry coloration;berry coloration;berry coloration;berry coloration;berry coloration;berry coloration;berry coloration;berry texture;berry texture;x chromosome quantity">x = 15.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Africa;Asia;pantropical in wet to seasonally dry regions at relatively low to moderate elevations with temperate outliers in South America (Argentina);pantropical in wet to seasonally dry regions at relatively low to moderate elevations with temperate outliers in South America (Chile);Asia (China);Asia (Japan);Asia (Korea)
|discussion=<p>Species 400–500 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>In addition to the native species, Diospyros kaki Thunberg of eastern Asia, with orange fruits to 10 cm, is cultivated commercially in California and other southern states, and some other species are cultivated as ornamentals. Two of these have become naturalized to a limited extent in Florida. Ebony is obtained from D. ebenum and other Old World species; only the largest individuals of D. virginiana have a narrow, dark core in the heartwood. The total species count for the genus is uncertain because new species are being described and the distinctiveness of some previously described species is questionable. The complicated patterns of variation in some African species of Diospyros led F. White (1962) to coin the term ochlospecies (mob or messy species) for those that are neither monotypic nor conventionally polytypic, with variation tied to geography. The three ochlospecies that he recognized had abundant variation but not in patterns amenable to formal taxonomic recognition. Diospyros virginiana gives some hints of the same kind of variation.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blades 2-5 cm, abaxial surface tomentose; flowers on twigs of previous season; anthers of staminate flowers dehiscent by subapical slits; pistillate flowers without staminodes; ovaries pubescent; berries pubescent throughout, black.
|[[Diospyros texana|Diospyros texana]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blades (5-)6-15(-17) cm, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent; flowers on twigs of current season; anthers of staminate flowers dehiscent along entire length; pistillate flowers with staminodes; ovaries glabrous or pubescent; berries glabrous (or pubescent at apex), usually yellow to orange, red, or black
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades with 2 basilaminar glands abaxially; ovaries pubescent; berries (1.5-)2-3 cm diam.
|[[Diospyros maritima|Diospyros maritima]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades without basilaminar glands abaxially; ovaries glabrous, except sometimes at apex; berries (2-)3-5(-7.5) cm diam
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades: abaxial surface glabrous (or sparsely pubescent, especially when young), apex acute to acuminate; inflorescences solitary flowers or 2-3-flowered cymes; berries yellow to orange or dark red (rarely purple)
|[[Diospyros virginiana|Diospyros virginiana]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades: abaxial surface glabrous, apex rounded to obtuse or barely short- pointed; inflorescences solitary flowers or 3-15-flowered cymes; berries black.
|[[Diospyros ebenum|Diospyros ebenum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Diospyros
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Brayodendron
|basionyms=
|family=Ebenaceae
|distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Africa;Asia;pantropical in wet to seasonally dry regions at relatively low to moderate elevations with temperate outliers in South America (Argentina);pantropical in wet to seasonally dry regions at relatively low to moderate elevations with temperate outliers in South America (Chile);Asia (China);Asia (Japan);Asia (Korea)
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V8/V8_511.xml
|genus=Diospyros
|anther architecture or structure in adjective form=2-locular
|anther dehiscence=introrse
|berry coloration=black;brown;black;brown;purple;red;orange;yellow
|berry texture=fibrous;fleshy
|blade shape=lanceolate;broadly ovate elliptic or obovate
|blade texture=coriaceous
|corolla shape=urceolate;campanulate or salverform
|cyme architecture=2-15-flowered
|flower architecture=pistillate;staminate;2-15-flowered
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower size=usually smaller
|fruit size=slender
|leaf duration=persistent;deciduous
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=[3-]8[-16]-locular
|ovule quantity=1;2
|pedicel height or length or size=shorter
|pedicel length or size=longer
|pedicel quantity=several
|pedicel size=accrescent
|petal arrangement=imbricate
|petal arrangement or shape=convolute
|petiole architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|sepal duration=persistent
|sepal size=accrescent
|series atypical quantity=2;5
|series quantity=2
|stamen arrangement=paired
|stamen atypical quantity=16;32
|stamen quantity=16
|style fusion=to near stigmas;connate
|style size=slender
|surface pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|terminal bud presence=absent
|whole_organism growth form=tree;shrub
|whole_organism reproduction=dioecious;dioecious
|wood density=dense
|wood texture=hard
|x chromosome quantity=15
}}<!--

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